Stereotypes, Stereotyping and Ideals Essay - 5008 Words

Various sources indicate that female body images presented through models, mannequins, and even Barbie dolls are strikingly deviant from the actual female form. One such example occurs in the January 1998 issue of Marie Claire magazine, which states that the average American woman is 5’4† and a size 12. She has a 37-inch bust, a 29-inch waist, and 40-inch hips. A mannequin is 6 feet tall, a size 6, with measurements of 34-23-34. A life-size Barbie doll would be 7’2,† with bust, waist, and hip measurements of 40-22-36, respectively. A woman of these measurements would have to walk on all fours to balance her disproportionate body. Considering that Barbie’s physical characteristics are outrageous and ultimately unattainable, how has she come†¦show more content†¦The harmful implications of ongoing exposure to these unattainable ideals, such as low self-esteem, eating disorders, unhealthy body image, and increased acceptance of violence, make ur gent the need for change. How does a society go about changing such long-standing norms? In light of its pervasiveness and highly influential nature, the media may be the proper place to begin changing gender stereotypes. When considering issues of gender, one must first consider how and where differences in masculinity and femininity come about. Although masculinity and femininity are achieved through various actions, some attribute characteristics of gender to innate, biological criteria. David G. Myers comments on such attributions in â€Å"Social Psychology,† when he writes that â€Å"the persistence and omnipresence of gender stereotypes leads some evolutionary psychologists to believe they reflect innate, stable reality† (337). Anthropological and evolutionary studies show that even the earliest societies supported the same gender hierarchies as those evident in today’s culture, many of which are based on biology. Interestingly enough, studies show that males have consistently dominated such hierarchies. As S. Goldberg writes in â€Å"Feminism Against Science,† â€Å"[A]mong all the thousands of societies on which we have any sort of evidence, there have never been a ny Amazonian or matriarchal societies. The hierarchies of all societies have always been dominated by males† (4).Show MoreRelatedAnti Arab And Anti Muslim Stereotyping996 Words   |  4 Pagesand Anti-Muslim stereotyping by Mazin B. Qumsiyeh â€Å"Arabs in TV and movies are portrayed as either bombers, belly dancers, or billionaires in reference to Arab men being portrayed as terrorist or as wealthy oilmen and Arab women being portrayed as sex objects...these stereotypes don t only cause psychological harm (culture, insult) but also helps feed into actions that are physically harmful by dehumanizing a group first before attacking it.† Another example of negative stereotyping is the unfortunateRead MoreStereotypes Of Men And Women Should Act997 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics based on people that are different from them: culturally, racially, or even religiously. This is known as stereotyping. Many individuals will generalize a certain characteristic of a person, stereotyping the individual. Whether it is a friend or a stranger, it comes naturally. For example, there are many stereotypes about how men and women should act. These stereotypes tend to generalize certain characteristics of men and women. For example, men are perceived as aggressive and dominantRead MoreAd Analysis : Gap Kids1048 Words   |  5 Pagesgirls being obsessed with fashion, to boys only caring about sports, there is a huge gap in still rigid stereotypes. Society has worked to push into these ideals throughout their lives from childhood. It starts with pink for baby girls and blue for baby boys, and then escalates to the ideals of fashi on for teenage girls and sports for teenage boys. Advertising has a very sizeable effect on these ideals and how they impact society. How effective these advertisements are tends to depend on the usage ofRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their researchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 21 Jump Street Essay894 Words   |  4 Pageshigh school students. During their undercover investigation, they are in awe as they discover the extent of how stereotyping has changed from when they were high school students. However, it remains somewhat the same in the respect that stereotyping still defines everyone within the school. Many people have an oversimplified and erroneous view of a certain group of people. Stereotypes are typically associated with having negative connotations of a particular group of people. In many occasions, positiveRead More Media Stereotypes Essay examples1432 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Stereotypes â€Å"Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people—usually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation.† Stereotypes are deeply embedded in every society in numerous ways. The dictionaryRead MoreStereotyping, a Necessary Evil1372 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping, a Necessary Evil Society generates numerous stereotypes this is a fact. Stereotyping is seen in everyday life as well as the class room, work place and court room. As a member of society I engage in stereotyping, not to say I only judge and am judged by others, but I also create my own. Every man has a different path in life witch teaches him his own personal lessons that govern their life. My personal stereotypes are products of my experiences, which I use. Why Society embracesRead MoreGender Stereotyping Standards For Men And Women Across America909 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping sets standards for men and women across America, this being true for the past few hundred years. It is not secret that women are said to be most useful in the kitchen, and that men are to be found somewhere doing hard work, being the bread winner. Also, in the way we allow our young children to be identified; blue means it’s a boy, pink means it’s a girl. As times change, so does society and its m entality as a whole. Some stereotypes have been more difficult to break than othersRead MoreCommunication Between Cultures And Its Impact On Society1671 Words   |  7 Pageswhen they are first introduced to other. Although not always openly admitted or even consciously known, stereotypes can impact the way that people view one another. Stereotypes are not always negative in connotation, and can even help people deal with a very complex and dynamic world. However, just like the world is complex and dynamic, so are individuals within a culture. Overgeneralized stereotypes as well as blanket labels can never accurately define a person. It is necessary to look at not only culturalRead MoreGender Stereotyping Is A Pervasive Issue Across Different Countries And Cultures Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Gender Stereotypes are fixed assumptions about the traits of women and men, their capabilities, and how an individual should behave based on their gender. (Gender stereotype, n.d.alleydog.com) Gender stereotyping is a pervasive issue across different countries and cultures, whether acknowledged or not. The occurrence of stereotyping is usually based on the categorization of an individual as a member of a social group, the traits that are associated with this social group

Effective Communication At The Health And Social Care Sector

An effective communication takes an important part in the health and social care settings. Communication is the way how we express our own feelings and thoughts, giving and receiving with each other and what make us become independent through making choice and the ways we learn. Between analysing Alan’s case, this essay will demonstrate the importance of effective communication when working with diverse communities in health and social care sector. According to Brown (2015), an effective communication is the expand concept of the communication process to ensure the transmitted content between a conversation have been received clearly and assumed by each other in the most appropriate ways. The main goal in an effective communication is to achieve information, have a common concept and changing motivations. Communications can be easily affected by different barriers; for example, in Alan’s case includes the communication barriers of deficiency attention and the emotional barriers between the care workers which cause him feels unimportant and starts to lose his social strength, extent to his emotions of depression, anger and helplessness. Argyle (1972) ‘The Cycle of Communication’, is a communication theory that involves a two way process which a person tries to understand of the other person’s thoughts. Through ’The Cycle of Communication’, care workers having an individual one to one communication with Alan that includes message coded, received and understood from eachShow MoreRelatedManaging Entreprise On Health Care Sector1697 Words   |  7 Pages DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 MANAGING ENTREPRISE IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR Assignment 1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME LEADER: KAYLENE TRIBE Submitted by: Ligi Varghese- CIB00002LV (2B) Submitted on: 27-02-2015 Entrepreneurship is an important elementRead MoreM2, Review Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interactions.1676 Words   |  7 Pagesreview strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. D1, evaluate strategies used in health and social care to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Introduction There are many differing ideas on the best way to communicate in health and social care and there are many strategies used by the many differing professionals working in health and social care. This assignment willRead MoreAssignment : Personal And Professional Development Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1- Personal and Professional Development Current knowledge My current knowledge includes contemporary health care issues a few of these are- Fluoride in primary school- this is a local issue where fluoride is being put into primary school children’s milk, this is being introduced in the hope that it reduces tooth decay in young children. It is shown that 41% of 5 years in Blackpool have tooth decay; some parents are worried of the long term effects of drinking fluoride. Although this schemeRead MoreDiploma in Health and Social Care Level 3782 Words   |  4 PagesUnit Title: Unit sector reference: Level: Credit value: Guided learning hours: Unit accreditation number: Promote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings SHC 31 3 3 10 J/601/1434 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who work in health or social care settings or with children or young people in a wide range of settings. The unit introduces the central importance of communication in such settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individualRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfor educated nurses. Nurses is the first provider of health care, which delivers a high quality of care, safe environment, person-centred and focuses on the care of individuals, families and communities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes thatRead MoreImportance Of Entrepreneurship During The 21st Century Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades, the citizen sector has discovered what the industry learned long ago: Nothing is as powerful as a new idea in the hands of a first-class businessman. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to the most pressing social problems of the solutions of the company. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for big changes. Instead the social needs of the government or business sectors, finding the social partners, who are notRead MoreHnd Level 5- Unit 9 Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe design and review of services promote and maximises the rights of users of health and social care services 1.1 Explain how current legislation and sector skills standards influence organisational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services All health providers have the responsibility to work within a legal framework, this means that health care providers have the obligation to respect service users rights and treating themRead MoreRelationship Between Diverse Cultures And Values1550 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively, to ensure smooth operation within the organization. Therefore, this paper will discuss the relationship between diverse cultures and values, and communication, how national and organizational policies influence them and improvements that can be made; if any; to ultimately guarantee functionality to the maximum. 2.1 HOW THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY VALUES AND CULTURES. In light of global diversity trends and steady growth of diverse ethnicity experienced in East London and LondonRead MoreHealth Communication Strategies And Health Information Technology Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Health communication strategies and health information technology can be used to better population health outcomes, the quality of health care and to facilitate health equity. Health communication and health information technology are essential factors influencing health care, population health and how the society understands the medical care (In Nelson In Staggers, 2013). These aspects determine how people use health information and hence, they have a significant impact on the decisionsRead MoreSocial, Cultural And Historical Factors That Contributes Poor Communication1657 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is the process of passing information from the sender to the receiver, it involves the use of words in verbal and written forms as well as signs of body language such as facial expressions. It is vital in the healthcare sector as it aids in building intrapersonal, interpersonal and group relationships. It is very important that doctors and nurses have a clear understanding of how to communicate within the healthcare sector. Poor communication emerges when the information is relayed

Corporate Governance Essay Example For Students

Corporate Governance Essay CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘governance’ as ‘the act, manner, fact or function of governing, sway, control’. ‘To govern’ is ‘to rule with authority’, ’to exercise the function of government’, ‘to sway, rule, influence, regulate, determine’, ‘to conduct oneself in some way; curb, bridle (one’s passions, oneself)’, or ‘to constitute a law for’. Governing is, therefore, a whole range of actions, initiatives and response patterns from rule through influence to self-control and self-regulation. By inference it includes ‘driving’ as well as ‘steering’. Therefore, in seeking to define governance and the purpose it is to acheive, it is necessary to give adequate consideration to its antitheses – ‘freedom’ and ‘individualism’. Governance as such has been largely taken for granted in the past. Something that does not require a systematic and detailed analysis, ‘efforts’ or ‘commitment’ of resources. For most of human existence governance has been imposed on the majority by a small elite, this form of governance depended on curtailing the freedom of the ruled in order to maximize the power of the rulers. The monopolizing of power by rulers made it virtually impossible for defects in governance either to be recognized by the ruled or to be challenge d by them. Governance has gone by default since regimes did not share decisions with their subjects but left them to suffer the consequences of failure. In more recent times the growth of democracy together with the waning of communism and other extreme regimes has led to increasing concern at undue concentrations of power and its misuse. The loss or depreciation of long – accepted models has created intellectual turmoil and a search for better processes of governance. Thus emerged the modern concept of governance based on the foundation that untrammeled personal freedom is akin to lawlessness. Such an employment of personal freedom requires a strict internal discipline or self – governance that is rare. If we admit the concept of original sin, we are faced with the need for a code of morality and a process of self – governance. As Geoff Mulgan suggests ‘morality is a word that can be notoriously abused’. Thus making self – governance an imperfect art and a shaky foundation for the governance of ‘ groups ‘. As corporate’s realised this, new models of governance came to the fore. Muller defines governance thus: Governance is concerned with the intrinsic nature, purpose, integrity and identity of an institution with a primary focus on the entity’s relevance, continuity and fiduciary aspects. Thus Governance involves monitoring and overseeing strategic direction, socioeconomic and cultural contexts, externalities and constituencies of the institution. Thus, the primary goal of governance is making sure the right questions get asked at the right time, at the right place, ‘by’ the right persons, ‘to’ the right persons and in the right manner. It is not a coincidence that the worst corporate performers are the ones that had once been so securely on top that they stopped asking questions. Governance is usually delivered through an agreed constitution, through a complex web of customs and practices, underpinned by a shared system of ethics, to a range of stakeholders from the shareholder to the customer in that institution. Styles of governance vary depending on the nature and size of the body concerned. At one extreme is the rule-based style adopted by public sector bodies, which may be concerned with conformity rather than performance. At the other extreme are the churches and clubs where governance is based on trust. Most corporate bodies have an amalgam of both trust and rules in appropriate proportions. The Logic being that trust can only work with open governance. The basic prerequisite to achieving successful and effective governance is the establishment of certain criteria for systematic governance. As a minimum these are likely to be:1. the identity of the body2. definition of its purpose3. how the purpose is to be achieved4. membership criteria (both explicit, such as shared interests, and implicit for example shared values)5. how the body is to be administered6. how the body relates externally7. how success is measured8. termination arrangementIn practice the constitutional details of most organizations will be more complex , interrelated and overlapping, but the basic elements need to be present in order so as to permit the organisation to function. Thus once the foundation for governance has been laid it is very important to address the heart of the issue of governance, which is the tension between achieving the objectives of the organization and the fulfillment of the personal objectives of its members and other stakeholders. Every relationship between individuals requires some trade-off of their separate interests. In healthy relationships these trade-offs are negotiated openly, explicitly or tacitly, and the bargain is kept. Where the trade-offs are not recognised, or the bargain is imposed from one side or is undermined unilaterally by stealth, there can be no healthy relationship. This process is at the heart of governance. Stakeholding is, basically about ownership. In Company Law it belongs exclusively to ordinary shareholders; other classes of shareholder have lesser rights to reflect the lower risk attaching to their investment. But in an organisation ‘stakeholding‘ implies differently for different interest groups. For the directors it can be seen as the right to secure tenure and to deploy the company’s assets as they see fit. For employees it can be about having a safe job and prospects to advancement, which they may wish to protect by membership of trade unions. For customers it can be about the right to demand outstanding service for an economic price; for suppliers and distributors it can be about a stable and profitable trading relationship, for government it is about providing sufficient jobs and paying all dues and taxes without problems or delays. For competitors it is about sharing a marketplace and protecting it from new entrants. Bchs football EssayThe wider approach to corporate governance has been pioneered by the RSA enquiry into ‘Tomorrow’s Company’ and subsequent work to develop a broad strategic approach to corporate governance, involving stakeholder other than shareholders and the Board, which may be called ‘Inclusive Corporate Governance’.The work done has focused on principles as well as processes. The ‘Seven Principles of Public Life’ distilled by the review process are selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty and leadership. The greater complexity of business made it necessary to bring specific skills to the board table and executive directors had to be given wider discretion in order to direct the company. This enabled many boards to concentrate control in their hands, leaving stakeholders to act as mere profit takers. The rapid expansion and progressive integration of businesses into larger groups led to a diminution in the power of the holding company boards, who were forced to give greater discretion to the managers of business units in order to maintain the impetus of growth. Carl Icahn, T. Boone Pickens and Lord Hanson. These were the first people to dissect living companies and find ‘breakup value’ within them. They developed techniques such as ‘Shareholder Value Analysis’ (SVA) which later evolved into ‘Economic Value Added Analysis’, known as EVA.The use of SVA and EVA techniques has not only helped to restructure businesses but has enabled clear profit and investment targets to be driven down to the lowest operating levels. This strengthens the hand of group directors in the strategic management process and makes it easier to manage reward systems throughout the group. The role of international law in effecting governance across boundaries has grown steadily, with the increasing globalization of trade in goods and services. The legal structure pivots on The International Court in the Hague for disputes between states, with criminal cases being brought to special tribunals. Countries individually have various acts such as The Companies Act , 1956 and the Income Tax Act have been formulated by our government for effective governance. A new technique which has emerged as a result of growing business empires is based upon a very important paradox in the struggle between integration and devolution. Larger units are expected to be more economic and more homogeneous. Much of the reality of larger units is that they become more bureaucratic and internecine. The United Nations is an excellent example of this phenomenon; the World Bank has degraded in a similar fashion. To an increasing degree the world’s largest companies have restructured themselves to achieve internal devolution. The bottom line of organisations being : â€Å"We are not a global business. We are a collection of local businesses with intense global coordination†. As Jack Welch, CEO of GE very aptly quotes: ‘What we are trying relentlessly to do is to get that small company soul and small company speed – inside a big company body’. Issues of corporate governance have been addressed largely from a standpoint of improving controls and board processes rather than from a conviction that continuous improvement in governance can be a powerful competitive weapon. There lie a number of opportunities for better corporate governance which may include:? A convergence of governance criteria with the public sector to reflect a more integrated modern world;? The change to reach beyond the shareholder/board of directors relationship to include customers, employees, suppliers and other who deliver results for the company;? The chance to use good governance to build competitive advantage in the long-term;? The chance to widen stewardship to build a platform for a long-term sustainable growth of profits. ? The responsibilities of executive and non-executive directors for reviewing and reporting on performance to shareholders and other financially interested parties; and the frequency, clarity and form in which information should be provided;? The case of audit committees of the board, including their composition and role;? The principal responsibilities of auditors and the extent the value of the audit;? The links between shareholders, boards and auditors;? Traditionally, a company’s directors have been tasked with the role of choosing and monitoring its managers. But this is a moot exercise unless the directors also have the power to effect change. Directors should go beyond a basic â€Å"watchdog† role, to foster effective policies and act in a strategic capacity. Ideally, directors should have a recognized role in governing the corporation. Companies are increasingly reliant on the wider community which surrounds them, which in turn needs the support and resources which few others apart from companies can give. This is a stakeholding relationship which good governance needs to recognise and which can make a company distinctive to those who deal with it. Companies which share values with their wider communities are likely to generate sustainable profitability to share with them also.New structures are needed to reflect new and more complex relationships. Today, at the close of the century, corporate governance is still an important tool for monitoring performance and enhancing value even though the ultimate shape of this tool is in the process of being forged. Business

The Byzantine Empire Essay Example For Students

The Byzantine Empire Essay The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished intothe oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantinethe Greats triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rometo the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named itConstantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot afterthe breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far thelargest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a populationof about one million people. (Encarta)Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire tofollow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, theleaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful newmonetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into themiddle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estatesdominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavytaxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of theByzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders,therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It tookover the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeastcorner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the BalkanPeninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known asByzantine didnt get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people ofthat time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Romanlifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without anyformal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Romaninstitutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. Thepredominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin,Coptic, and Armenian. (Great Ages)The Greek language led to a Greek culture. The Byzantine empire stoodout for their Christian religion and their expression of it in their artwork. We will write a custom essay on The Byzantine Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These Romans carved exquisite ivories, illuminated manuscripts, and formedmosaics out of glass and stone. Mosaics were pictures formed from these objectswith the intent to stimulate profound religious thought. The mood of thesemosaics was always honoring and respectful of Christianity and its components. Another form of Christian expression was in the form of icons. These were partsof the Gospel played out into visual pictures. The icons portrayed prayers,hymns, and sermons in color. These too created a reverence for worshippers tofollow. That was the first goal of icons. The second goal was to form anexistential link between themselves as worshippers and God. These are only afew ways that Byzantines use art as a part of their religion. (Great Ages)Religion was a great part of the Byzantine empire. To form a biggerChristian kingdom, Christian Justinian the first attempted to bring the west andeast Byzantine empires together in 527 AD Justinian became the second emperorof Byzantine at that time. Him and his wife, Theodora, set a goal to restorethe former majesty. (Oxford History) They wanted to improve the intellectualquality and their geographical limits of the Roman Empire. At a great cost,they reconquered North Africa, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and parts of Spain. This was part of the reason the Byzantine empire fell. Justinian and Theodora,with substantial expenses, induced in fabricating public buildings and churches. .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .postImageUrl , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:visited , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:active { border:0!important; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:active , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The American Dream EssayOne of these famous churches was the Hagia Sophia, Church of the Holy Wisdom, inConstantinople. After spending so much of the Byzantines money, the empire wasoverstrained when finally their resources ran dry. Along with that problem,plagues crossed the nation and reduced the Byzantine population. (Encarta)To fight the rundown of the Byzantine nation, they transformed theirarmies into an elite expeditionary guard called tagmata and army corps labeledthemes or themata. Each of these were commanded by a strategos or general whoacquired civil and military authority of his army district. Thematic armiesbecame army corps districts whose soldiers acquired tax-exempt lands, preservingthe core of the empire while avoiding the incriminating drain of cash that hadoverstrained the salaried armies of the period before the Arab invasions. (Encarta)Finally, the invasions began. Byzantine was able to defend itselfagainst Germanic and Hunnic raids in the 5th and 6th centuries. They were alsoable to stabilize a reasonably

Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan free essay sample

The plan also follows APA style formatting throughout the text body, headings, references, and tables. Overall the piece has a professional appearance with very few errors, and is logical. The plan refreshes the point and its strategic objectives. Evaluation Scale: A Excellent A) What is the target market for this plan? -The target market for this plan is for new customers, and includes families within a 10 mile radius of Wellington with small animals. B) What is the strategy Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use? The strategy that Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use is target marketing. Hillside is using this strategy because their marketing mix is tailored to fit specific target customers. C) What are your initial reactions to this strategy? -My initial reaction of this plan is that it has a clear and concise vision of what they want to achieve. The have clear goals and contain a excellent grasp of the four â€Å"P’s†, and how they are going to implement them. We will write a custom essay sample on Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Do you think the plan will be successful Why? or Why not? -I do think the plan will be successful. I think the plan will be successful because Hillsides target market is reasonable and suits their capabilities. They have clear goals and a well-planned strategy in order to achieve those goals. The company also has skilled operands that match with the operants. This company can rely on their quality of service along with their marketing plan. The two will work well, and can market organically.

Free Essays on The Navajo

Dine (the people) is what the Navajo call themselves in their own language. Until 1969, non natives called these people â€Å"Navaho,† but is now spelled Navajo. The Spanish borrowed the word Navahu meaning â€Å"the valley in which there are fields.† The Navajo speak a language that belongs to the Athopaskan language group. Which most of Athopaskan languages are found in central Alaska and the inland areas of western Canada. At some point in history although it is unclear, the ancestors of the southern Athopaskan people, the Apache and the Navajo at one point migrated south out of the sub arctic region. It is believed that about 1,000 years ago these people followed the Rocky mountains south in small groups of hunters, gatherers, and fishermen. During a confrontation between the Navajo and the United States troops on August 31, 1849 in the Chuska Mountains, Narbona Primero, a local Navajo leader was killed. After he was killed even the friendliest of Navajos were convinced that coexistence with whites would not come easy. In the fall of 1862, brigade General James Carleton arrived in Navajo country to prevent the territory from invading confederate troops. It was also his job to prevent Indian raids against the Overland mail route. Colonel Christopher Kit Carson and Carleton met with leaders of a Navajo contingent to try and avoid war, and convinced them to move to Bosque Redondo. All Navajos who had not showed up to Bosque Redondo by July 20, 1863 were to be taken there by force. Most Navajos lived dispersed all over the west, so most Navajo did not even hear about the ultimatum. Carson and his men started a campaign that would destroy fields, orchards, villages, poison watering holes, and slaughter livestock. At the end of this scorched earth policy, was 301 Navajo dead, 87 wounded, 703 captive; the Army reported 17 dead, and 25 wounded. In 1868 congress ratified the treaty and the survivors returned to their homela... Free Essays on The Navajo Free Essays on The Navajo Dine (the people) is what the Navajo call themselves in their own language. Until 1969, non natives called these people â€Å"Navaho,† but is now spelled Navajo. The Spanish borrowed the word Navahu meaning â€Å"the valley in which there are fields.† The Navajo speak a language that belongs to the Athopaskan language group. Which most of Athopaskan languages are found in central Alaska and the inland areas of western Canada. At some point in history although it is unclear, the ancestors of the southern Athopaskan people, the Apache and the Navajo at one point migrated south out of the sub arctic region. It is believed that about 1,000 years ago these people followed the Rocky mountains south in small groups of hunters, gatherers, and fishermen. During a confrontation between the Navajo and the United States troops on August 31, 1849 in the Chuska Mountains, Narbona Primero, a local Navajo leader was killed. After he was killed even the friendliest of Navajos were convinced that coexistence with whites would not come easy. In the fall of 1862, brigade General James Carleton arrived in Navajo country to prevent the territory from invading confederate troops. It was also his job to prevent Indian raids against the Overland mail route. Colonel Christopher Kit Carson and Carleton met with leaders of a Navajo contingent to try and avoid war, and convinced them to move to Bosque Redondo. All Navajos who had not showed up to Bosque Redondo by July 20, 1863 were to be taken there by force. Most Navajos lived dispersed all over the west, so most Navajo did not even hear about the ultimatum. Carson and his men started a campaign that would destroy fields, orchards, villages, poison watering holes, and slaughter livestock. At the end of this scorched earth policy, was 301 Navajo dead, 87 wounded, 703 captive; the Army reported 17 dead, and 25 wounded. In 1868 congress ratified the treaty and the survivors returned to their homela...

RFP Correspondence management system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RFP Correspondence management system - Essay Example Reducing the number of steps the correspondences/documents go through in their path till they reach their final destination. This should be fixed by creating a user friendly interface where many easy to identify icons are placed for the user to assign task and route documents for action. Saving time and effort through giving the ability to trace the correspondences/documents state in terms of knowing their location in the department(s), who is the person responsible to take actions against them, delays, bottleneck etc†¦ Create Adobe PDF files for archiving and auditing and send the files to a preferred location for easy access when required. It also maintains an audit trail at each phase of the material management process. Provide post go-live support for 3 year for system maintenance and administration. This is to ensure that the system is updated to tailor upcoming needs and errors unforeseen during system development are corrected. All bidders to provide list of staff of those will be working in the project and proposed organization chart. Bidder should provide CVs with the proposal for Project Manager and system architects, web designers and developers for DEWA review and approval. Bidders shall be responsible to ensure that their company, solution providers, developers, sub-contractors, and suppliersare capableto satisfactorily meet the project requirements. This shall be done prior to submitting proposal to DEWA. In making the selection, DEWA will not be bound to award the tender to the lowest bidder. DEWA will take into consideration the prices offered, features and technology offered, proposed designs, delivery dates, cost for training and maintenance or any other elements which could affect the final cost to DEWA and the suitability of the solution. DEWA reserves the right to request the bidders to arrange for a demonstration/trainingto better

Lack of Water in Zambia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lack of Water in Zambia - Essay Example Further, most of the activities that man has undertaken require water to the extent that water may form a part of the energy production through electricity. However, the wider concept remains on whether a majority of the world population has access to clean water rather than water for any other designated purpose. On the contrary, economic analysts have foreseen water becoming the next sought after commodity after oil due to scarcity especially in arid areas of the world. Essentially, an arid land region is one characterized by intense water shortages that tend to facilitate slow development and nurturing of plant cover or animal life. Tentatively, they are mostly desert areas that surround the equator and commonly present in Africa. Subsequently, the purpose of this report will delve on the assessment of practical techniques for providing clean water to arid regions like Zambia. 2. Current situation in Zambia By 2010, a shocking 61% of the Zambian population had privileged access to improved water supply sources while 48% of the same population had access to sanitary options. Further, the challenges in water supply and access tended to vary depending on whether the population was in an urban setting or whether in rural places (Mc Intyre, 2012: 90). For instance, a UN survey indicated that at least 87% of the urban settler had access to water while only 48% of those residing in rural settings had access to the same. Additionally, access to water in the Zambian urban population indicates that 41% had running water or house connection while a significant 49% accessed water through water kiosks or vendors. Over time, the number of those accessing water through water kiosks has been on a steady increase trend while that of those enjoying house connections has been plummeting. However, the Zambian council for water and sanitation insist that the country has achieved water provision as a millennium development focus, but sanitation has proved elusive (Mutale, 2004). As many would say, lack of clean drinking water presents a number of significant implications that are mostly social especially for women and girls, a situation that is no different in Zambia. In turn, this raises the poverty levels within Zambia. 3. Consequences of water shortages in Zambia Annual precipitation levels in Zambia The graph above show the effect of percentage of class attendance throughout the year due to water shortage Arguably, the declining rainfall in the Zambian republic forms the basic reason as to why the country has continued to experience water scarcity. Two organization echo this sentiment, which are the System Network for Famine Early Warning and the world bank where they insist that the trend is worrying. Moreover, Zambia is a nation that has no access to the sea hence rendering this state as a landlocked country in the South African region. These two factors have facilitated the nation to have food insecurity as their government may not assure the over th irteen million Zambians with adequate food. According to water aid organization present in Zambia, for every three people, two have no access to clean water nor sanitation facilities. In turn, this has influenced the mortality rates for children within this country to be at an alarming ten thousand children annually. Ideally, the children tend to suffer from diarrhea and other sanitation related diseases like cholera, bilharzia among many others (Waters, 2008). These diseases tend to be water borne and treatable but access to quality health care facilitates an increase in the mortality rates. Sequentially, children and infants become prime victims of these

Stereotype Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stereotype - Research Paper Example Our society is plague with stereotypes, and even though we live in a world that is deemed civilized, prejudice will never be extinct. The turn of the nineteen century witnessed a new era for women. No longer were women contented to stay in the background, or fade in the shadows of their husbands. Having been in the air-force I have witnessed and heard how men view women in a mans world. They resent the fact that they will have to take orders from a woman superior. They have biases that have no foundation, other than the fact that they grow up hearing over and over the criteria that make women women. A woman should do what she does best―nurturing her husband and children. During my service in the air-force, one case in particular has a ineradicable imprint in my mind. My squadron had a woman drill sergeant; and my team-mates resented having to salute a woman or take orders from her. Many times they would pretend to forget and addressed her as â€Å"sir.† She was well aware of their hostility and that made her more militant than most male officer. Their reaction to her was predetermined, she knew it, and was determined to change their minds. Only the best she would accept, she had to prove herself, to show us that she can do a â€Å"mans job. She was dauntless, consequently, my team was first in all training exercise. My colleagues were using a hand-me-down stereotyping. They were perpetuating a myth, a myth that held its ground for many centuries, It was only in 1976, less than fifty years ago, that the first woman was allowed to register in the air-force. The logic that was displayed here is dogmatic. According to the book Introduction to Logic, â€Å"Dogmatism is the position taken by a person who asserts his or her belief as what should be the case: no room for disagreement is possible in this case, and if there is no room for disagreement, the possibility of argument also disappears. (please put the author(s) of the book, the publication

Objectives Of The Bretton Woods System Economics Essay

Objectives Of The Bretton Woods System Economics Essay Since the beginning of the 19th century, globalization, international trade and free trade between countries became the new economic order and several attempts have been made since then to develop policies and schemes to ensure the stability of the international monetary system. It is safe to say that in truth, the world economy has never been in a state of utopia, but nevertheless, we have never stopped trying to attain such. The Bretton Woods era of 1944 to 1977, one of the few fairly successful schemes the world powers created in trying to achieve economic utopia, though existed for a short period, has been accredited as being one of the most successful international monetary systems, so impressive was the economic stability and growth of the era that there have been ongoing talks for a comeback of the system. In this paper we attempt to shed some light on the defunct Bretton Woods system and the possibility of its comeback. In the first section, we discuss its history, design and objectives. Second section, we discuss the reasons for its demise. Third section, we discuss the reasoning behind the calls for a new Bretton Woods. Fourth section, we discuss the obstacles that could prevent the establishment of a new Bretton Woods and lessons from its past experience. Section five will contain the conclusion and some recommendations. SECTION ONE THE OVERALL DESIGN AND INTENDED OBJECTIVE OF THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM Background and Intended Objectives of the Bretton Woods system At the end of the World War II, 44 allied countries and Argentina came together in Mount Washington Hotel in the area of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, with a major motive of correcting the ills of the post-war I era which was characterized by International economic disorder, beggar-thy-neighbor policies- where countries trying to come out of their depressed states do so, but at the expense of other countries. The overall intended objective was therefore stable exchange rate and possible promotion of world peace. There was the recognized need for an institutional forum for International cooperation on monetary matters, so that in the advent of a world-wide crisis, such as world wars, there would be an internationally agreeable solution, rather than individual countries adopting selfish policies. Build-up of the System This recognized need had prior to the conference in 1944, instigated discussions amongst the British and American governments, and their economic experts, who had come up with different plans; Harry Dexter White of the U.S treasury on one hand, and Lord Keynes of Britain on the other, and the conference was seen as merely formalizing, and finalizing the agreements made. The final decisions which were agreed to at the Bretton woods conference were influenced majorly by the U.S plans. This is evident of the economic and military prowess of the United States at that time. The concentration of power in the hands of few countries, the like-mindedness of the overall goal (not necessarily the policies in achieving these goals) and the willingness and ability of one country-the U.S to takeover leadership, allowed for the success of the Bretton Woods conference. The Design The system was designed to incorporate the advantages of both a fixed rate system, such as the gold standard (stable exchange rate), and that of a flexible exchange rate system (flexibility), and the resultant system was the adjustable peg rate system. The Peg and Exchange Convertibility: The U.S dollar was pegged to gold at the fixed rate of $35 per ounce, and every other countrys currency was then pegged to the dollar at a par value which had to be maintained or defended by buying and selling the dollar in the foreign currency market. Though there was no International Central Bank to produce an International currency, and control its supply, the U.S dollar became in effect, the world currency. With the fixed peg of $35 per ounce of gold, the rate at which countries could exchange their dollar for gold and vice-versa, the U.S dollar became as good as gold, and this boosted faith in the U.S dollar. This system afforded an opportunity for exchange rates amongst countries to be fixed in the short run, within a 1% band around the pegged rate. A country could change the rate at which it was pegged to gold, outside the 1% band, only if its balance of payment was in fundamental disequilibrium. Why The U.S Dollars: The U.S was still the only currency being backed by gold, and at that time held three-quarter of the worlds monetary gold (Gold had been transferred to U.S by European nations during the war), leaving the $ the most appreciated currency to the rest of the world. It was also the strongest economy after the World War II, and was considered liquid enough to meet the demand of increasing Internationalization, and global trade. Addressing Liquidity: To satisfy International liquidity, and to prevent the repeat of the gold shortage of the 1920s, and the fallout of the fixed rate of the 1930s, another major decision to be made was as regards adequate supply of official monetary reserves; This was very fundamental to the effective running of an adjustable peg rate. The conference agreed to a system of subscriptions and quotas which reflected each countrys economic strength. The quota of each member country was made up of 25% of gold and the remaining 75% in the countrys domestic currency. The quotas were important also because they determined the voting right, and the amount of foreign currency each member country could borrow from the fund. The Commissions: Three commissions were set up at the conference to achieve its intended objectives. The first Commission headed by Harry D, White of the U.S treasury was designed to formulate the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, which was at the very heart of the system. The second commission was also introduced to formulate the Articles of Agreement for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. This was chaired by Lord Keynes of the United Kingdom. It then had the duty of financing post-war international reconstruction and development. Now known as the World Bank, it remains a very influential global body with a broader capacity. The third commission, was chaired by Dr. Eduardo Suarez of Mexico, and it was charged with coming up with other means of International financial cooperation. SECTION TWO THE REASONS FOR THE EVENTUAL DEMISE According to economic historians, the Bretton Woods system came to a halt in the 1970s leading to a switch from a state-led to a market-led system of monetary control. Crucial events leading to its demise being the suspension of the dollars convertibility into gold  in 1971, the United states abandonment of Capital Controls in 1974, and Great Britains ending of capital controls in 1979 which was swiftly copied by most other major contries, amongst other reasons enumerated below: Balance of Payment: A major cause for the demise of the Bretton Woods system was its dependence on the United States economy. The system was designed to remain strong as long as the U.S economy remained strong. However, an excessive supply of US dollars on FOREX markets in exchange for other currencies led to the US dollar depreciation and appreciation of non-reserve currencies. To maintain the fixed exchange rate, non-reserve countries were required to intervene on the private FOREX. For example, the British central bank was required to run a balance of payments surplus, buy the excess dollars and sell pounds on the private FOREX market. This Balance of payment surplus had inflationary problems because of the excess supply of the non-reserve countrys currency. The U.S. economy also faced inflationary pressure from operating a balance of payment deficit, the federal government expenditure rose from financing the Vietnam War and social programs. The U.S used expansionary monetary policies, printing more money, in order to finance those huge expenses. This increased money supply, which led to U.S goods becoming more expensive than foreign goods due the rise in prices and caused a large demand for foreign currency. The Triffin Dilemma: Another reason for the collapse of the system was the Triffin dilemma. Robert Triffin was a Belgian economist and Yale University professor who highlighted the problems related to dollar overhang. Dollar overhang occurred when the amount of U.S dollar assets held by non-reserve central banks exceeded the total supply of gold in the U.S treasury at the exchange rate of $35 per ounce. Dollar overhang occurred in the system by 1960 and continued to worsen throughout the decade of the 1960s. By 1971, foreign holdings of U.S dollars stood at $50 billion while U.S gold reserves were valued at only $15 billion. This led to speculation on the U.S dollar, devaluing the dollar and holding gold became the safe route. In a gold exchange standard this linkage between gold and the reserve currency is believed to provide the constraint that prevents the reserve currency country from disproportionate monetary expansion and its ensuing inflationary effects. In the face of balance of payment deficits leading to a severe depletion of gold reserves, the U.S had several adjustment options open. One option was a devaluation of the dollar. However, this was not an option easy to implement. The only way to realize the dollar devaluation was for other countries to revalue their currencies with respect to the dollar, as the currencies were fixed to the dollar. The other devaluation option open to the US was devaluation with respect to gold. In other words, the U.S could raise the price of gold to $40 or $50 per ounce or more. However, this change would not change the fundamental conditions that led to the excess supply of dollars. At most, this devaluation would only reduce the rate at which gold flowed out to foreign central banks. Also, since the U.S gold holdings had fallen to very low levels by the early 1970s and since the dollar overhang was substantial, the devaluation would have had to be extremely large to prevent the depletion of U.S g old reserves. The other option open to the U.S was a change in domestic monetary policy to reduce the excess supply of dollars on the FOREX. Recall, that money supply increases were high to help finance rising federal deficit spending. A reversal of this policy would mean a substantial reduction in the growth of the money supply. If money supply increases were not available to finance the budget deficit the government would have to resort to a much more unpopular method of financing; namely raising taxes or reducing spending. The unpopularity and internal difficulty of such fiscal and monetary prudence led the U.S to resort to other options. Suspension of the Dollars Convertibility: The final blow on the Bretton Woods system came on August 15, 1971 when the then U.S president Richard Nixon announced measures to stem the excessive flight of dollars on foreign demand and reduce the balance of trade deficit as well as cause non-reserve countries to revalue their currencies against the dollar. The measures were a 10 percent surcharge on imports, a 90 day wage and price control, and the suspension of convertibility of dollar to gold. The 10 percent surcharge on imports was to force countries, such as Japan, to revalue their currency by 10 percent and the 90 day wage and price control was to prevent foreign exporters from transferring the burden of the 10 percent import tax through increased price on the American people as well as reduce inflation. The suspension of convertibility of dollar to gold ultimately ended the gold exchange standard of the Bretton Woods system and changed the system to a reserve currency system. This prompted the Smithsonian agreement of December 1971 where non-reserve countries agreed to revalue their currencies against the dollar for the 10 percent import charge to be dropped, and the eventual devaluation of the dollar. The price of gold rose from $38 per ounce to $44.20 per ounce in 1971 and even higher to $70.30 per ounce causing an increase in flight of dollar abroad and prompting non-reserve countries to abandon the pegging of their currency to the dollar and moving into a floating exchange rate regime. SECTION THREE THE REASONING BEHIND ONGOING DISCUSSIONS TO INTRODUCE A NEW SYSTEM The last 10 years have been followed by many public discussions about Bretton Woodss system with different controversial opinions. According to S.Dammasch (2000, p.11-12) Human rights activists argue that the programmes for the structural adjustment (SAP) of the developing countries initiated by the World Bank and the IMF has led to increase poverty of the East-bloc states. In contrast, however, major industrialized nations have begun to worry about the implications of the growing size and the speculative nature of financial movements in times of increasing globalization trends. Thus, calls for a new system of Bretton Woods have been heard in almost every industrialized country. Several calls have been made over the years for a refurbished international system to tackle the problem of uncontrolled capital flows amongst nations. Several Financial journalists have also noted that Financial crises since 1971 have been preceded by large  capital inflows  into affected regions. It wasnt until late 2008 that this idea began to receive substantial support from leading politicians. There has been a call by French President Nicolas Sarkozy during the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2010, for the reinvention of the Bretton Woods system of currency valuations in order to remove volatility and monetary manipulation by some nations to enhance their export successes. (Diane Francis, 2010) On October 13, 2008, British Prime Minister  Gordon Brown (APT Team, 2008) said world leaders must meet to agree to a new economic system: We must have a new Bretton Woods, building a new international financial architecture for the years ahead.' Generally the industrial nations experienced much slower growth and higher unemployment in the post Bretton Woods era, and according to Professor Gordon Fletcher in retrospect the 1950s and 60s when the Bretton Woods system was operating came to be seen as a  golden age. (Fletcher.G,1989). Financial crises are seen to have been more extreme and have increased in frequency with the emerging economies bearing the brunt of it before the most recent global financial crisis which started in 2007. Chief amongst these strengths of the old Bretton Woods as noted by Anna J. Schwartz (2000) was that there were low and stable inflation rates on the average for most Industrialised countries except for Japan during the Bretton woods era. More so, considerable expansion of international trade and investment and the real per capita income growth was higher than in any monetary regime since 1879. SECTION 4 CHALLENGES TO A NEW BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM Various factors have been identified as clogs in the wheel of the advancement of a new Bretton Woods system, some of them are: Evolution of the World Economy: One of the major reasons why a new Bretton Woods system might not work is because of how evolved the global economy has become in terms of international trade and monetary management. After the demise of the old Bretton Woods system, the following structural changes have taken place in world economies: Growth of international currency markets: due to the instability and lack of certainty in the financial world, having a fixed exchange rate became difficult and thus rational expectations and predictions were fuelled with uncertainty. Thus, for countries to make well informed decisions based on prevailing economic conditions, they adopted a floating exchange rate system, so that the true value of the economy could be revealed at all times. A major reason the Bretton Woods system was successful was because of its fixed exchange rate system. Thus, with the current increase in trade and volatility of the monetary system, a fixed rate system might be difficult to implement. Lack of Dominant Currency: During the Bretton woods era the U.S. dollar was the most stable and powerful currency. It was also the only currency strong enough to be exchanged for gold. Since it was the strongest currency, countries traded mostly in the dollar. Although currently, due to the prevailing economic conditions, the dollar and other currencies like the Chinese RMB, euro, yen are unstable and not strong enough to be dominant currencies. The Old Bretton Woods was successful because it only had one currency to measure by. The lack of a dominant currency would therefore pose challenges to the development of a new system and multiple currencies will only be more destabilizing. Derivative trading: with the emergence of the international currency markets, derivative trading has been a popular favourite of the financial market traders. Speculation, hedging, derivatives and arbitrage trading in the financial system have significant impact on the level of international prices and exchange rates, that it cannot be ignored. Integrating these in a new monetary system would involve complex controls which might be difficult to implement. Conflicts of Interest: Different nations have different levels of growth, different objectives, and different currency policies. For some countries adopting a fixed exchange rate is more convenient, while for others, especially developing countries having a flexible exchange is more profitable. Due to the varying preferences and objectives of each nation, being cooperative and following a particular policy could be quite inconvenient and disadvantageous for most. Floating Exchange Rate System: The fixed exchange rate system of the old Bretton Woods was advantageous but had limitations. Though it encouraged price stability and was anti-inflationary, its restrictive nature prevented necessary adjustments to economic disequilibrium. Presently, the exchange rates worldwide for most countries are flexible. This flexibility makes trade between developing and developed countries bearable and profitable. When fixed, trade is expensive for most developing countries. And with the current economic recession, flexibility is what the economy needs to make profitable trade. The Original vs. A Sequel: According to G. Rachman (2008, Financial times), a new bretton woods will flop. Reason being that; Like most sequels, Bretton Woods II is not going to be nearly as good as the original. The first conference gave birth to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Its successor will be duller and less consequential. The first reason for this is that the global financial crisis, bad as it is, is not as bad as the Second World War. The war destroyed the established order and so the world leaders who drew up the postwar institutions on a blank slate. Second, there isnt enough time. The original Bretton Woods conference benefited from two years of preparation, and not a few weeks. Finally, there are conflicts of interest and U.S has neither the power nor the inclination to impose a new set of arrangements on the rest of the world. Of course his opinion is subjective, but in truth, given an ill prepared plan and conflicts of interests, a new Bretton Woods is most likely to fail. Inefficient Governance: Creating a Bretton Woods system that takes account of the complex intrinsic and extrinsic framework of the global economy is quite difficult. The economy has evolved a lot since the 1944 when the first Bretton woods system was made. There are more world leaders now, and the more the world leaders are, the higher the differences in preferences. Creating a Bretton Woods that could possibly integrate the objectives of all nations is not only difficult but if created will require high maintenance. LESSONS FROM THE OLD BRETTON WOODS U.S Deficit budget: During the Bretton woods era, the U.S ran deficit budget. Due to the nations constant lending to other nations, they experienced a severe deficit in their balance of payments which strongly affected their international financial position and status negatively. This deficit made the dollar weak and undependable. Due to the large scale of economic activities globally, the exchange rate is always adjusting to reflect the real value of the economy. Thus having just one currency pegged to gold in this present time is no longer reasonable. Currencies need to be flexible against each other, so that when a nation runs a deficit, and its currency looses value, the whole economy will not lose at the same time. Bretton Woods Policies: When the policy of a fixed exchange rate system was established, the financial strength of developing countries was not adequately taken into consideration. In the short run, the fixed exchange rate worked well for the developed countries, but as the developing countries claimed independence and began to evolve into the global economy, trade with the developed economies at a fixed rate was definitely too expensive for them. Moreover, polices imposed by the World Bank and IMF on developing countries like SAP i.e. structural adjustment program didnt work out well on the developing countries, it has been argued that it worsened their level of poverty, S.Dammasch (2000, p.11). The Slide to breakdown: The breakdown of the Bretton Woods system occurred via the failure of the dollar as the dominant currency, the rules of cooperation for its convertibility into gold and the exchange rates regime. The lack of a backup currency to resolve the issue or at least minimize the losses incurred contributed to the demise of the system. Thus the Bretton Woods dependence on the dollar been the only currency that could be convertibility to gold was too risky. Short run vs. Long run functions: Another problem with the Old Bretton Woods was that the same plan was made for the short run and long run. Right after World War II, the international monetary system was only concerned with their present predicament of how to get the economy back on track. Given the destruction caused by the war, addressing the pressing need of the economy was appropriate but during evaluations in the short run, proper schemes and policies should have been arranged to counter what could go wrong in the long run. The undoing of the Bretton woods system was that the plans for the short run were allowed to run indefinitely into the long run until they could no longer hold. Thus the system defaulted. SECTION FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION The worst banking crisis since the  Great Depression  strongly suggests that a global rules-based system is necessary to oversee financial markets and coordinate economic management. Hence, this has led to the ongoing discussions to reintroduce the Bretton woods system. As discussed in the earlier part of this paper, this is not going to be an easy task as the worlds market economy has drastically changed and thus cannot be compared to mid 90s. This has led us to suggest some recommendations which should be helpful if this vision of reintroducing the Bretton Woods system is to be realized. A new Bretton woods system is plausible as long as it can adapt to varying economic conditions as the global economy evolves. Thus the following: Stronger monetary policy: Given the current system of floating exchange rates, the World Bank should advise the governments of each country to implement monetary policies that ensure that their currency is not undervalued or overvalued. Inflation targeting: Plans to prevent the occurrence of repetitive financial crises should be made; one defect that is common in all financial crises is inflation. Inflation is good for the economy, but when this inflation is excessive, the growth is one-sided. Thus as economic growth occurs for some sectors of the economy, other sectors are worse off accumulating loss and debt. There is a huge case of inequality in the economy and no real economic development ever occurs. Thus a new Bretton Woods system should take considerate account of the inequality caused by inflation. Regulation for derivatives: From the recent financial crisis, derivative trading has been seen to have played a huge role in increasing the negative impact of the crisis. If possible, a special regulation body or committee should be tasked with responsibility of monitoring and regulating the derivatives market. Because most derivatives are OTC, there is no public information as to their transactions, but since it has proven through the recent crisis that it has a strong hold in the market. Such activities should be divulged to the government. So, that to a certain extent an adequate regulatory framework can be established and financial loss minimized.

Being a High School Student Essay

A belief that I have come to hold after starting high school is that private schools fall short of the most important benefits that public schools have to offer. I have learned this through my own personal experience of going to a catholic grammar school for nine years, and then transitioning to the public high school that I currently attend. Of course, the main purpose of going to school is to gain a good education that will help you be successful in the future. This belief I do hold true; both private and public schools grant this opportunity. see more:research about tardiness But public schools and private schools each grant an entirely different social experience, and the social experience, in my opinion, is much more valuable than the academic experience. Along with gaining an education, part of being successful in life is learning how to interact and form relationships with people who are different from you. In grammar school, the majority of the people I met were white, Catholic, and of the same learning ability. Every day at school, students were expected to wear uniform clothes, uniform hair styles, and learn at a uniform pace. There were no accommodations for people with slower learning paces; everyone was expected to keep up. Growing up, this is how I expected all schools were like. For nine years I was almost blinded to the fact that people of different religion and learning pace, even physical appearance, even existed in the real world. But the fact is there are more types of people than Catholics and quick learners. For this reason, I decided to branch out and try something new by attending a public high school. My freshman year of high school was an amazing eye-opener for me. I met a greater variety of people in a single classroom at high school than I did in my entire grammar school career. I have met people with long hair, short hair, black hair, and purple hair. I have met people with different religions, and others with no religion at all. I have met people who are two years ahead of everyone else, and others who are two years behind. There are jocks, musicians, bookworms, and others with interests outside the school, but no one is judged for that; people can be whoever they want to be. I admit, all this freedom of expression was overwhelming to me, but at the same time, it was refreshing. Meeting so many different students, and also teachers, with so many different interests made me that much more interested in meeting more people. This experience made me realize how valuable the social aspect of a public high school really is. In the future, when I go to college and begin my career, I will be meeting and working with people who have different backgrounds than my own. For this reason, I will never regret the decision I have made in attending a public high school. I have heard adults tell me that high school is going to be the best four years of my life. So far, they are right. I am so grateful for the opportunity to experience a public high school. I cherish every experience and relationship that I have made in my first three years of high school so far. Of course, as I move on with my life, I will value the education that high school has granted me. But it is the relationships that I have made with students and teachers that I will take with me as I graduate high school and move on to college.

Organizational Databases

Organizational Databases Randal Chatman University of Phoenix CIS 207 Information System Fundamentals Carlos Andrade December 19, 2011 Abstract This paper is designed to discuss the structure and use of a database system that is currently being used by a nationally recognized telecommunications and entertainment company. It will contain information about the specific type of database that is being used by this company. According to Webopedia, â€Å"a database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a  computer  program  can quickly  select  desired pieces of  data.You can think of a  database  as an electronic filing  system† (Database, 2011). Every company has some type of database system that holds information that needs to be accessed regularly by the employees to be used to complete a task or goal. There will be some recommendations of improvements to the company procedures of the use of the described database. Organizational Database Now that we are in the computer age we no longer need to use a pen and a sheet of paper to write down information that we will need to refer back to in the future.Nor will we need to use a filing system with folders and large clunky file cabinets to store company information. In today’s business world companies use databases to store company information and keep it organized. What exactly is a database? According to Webopedia, â€Å"a database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a  computer  program  can quickly  select  desired pieces of  data. You can think of a  database  as an electronic filing  system† (Database, 2011). Companies in today’s business world use databases to organize various types of information for the benefit and use of its employees to complete a task.In order for computers to access the database, it will need a database application. â€Å"A database application is a computer program whose primary purpose is entering and retrieving information from a computer managed database† (Database Application, 2011). There are several types of data base applications such as Microsoft Access, Oracle, and My SQL. Oracle is a database application that we will look at in a little more detail as it pertains to a specific department of nationally recognized business. Oracle has been around and creating database technology for over 30 years.When it comes to using Oracle with the department mentioned. It is mainly used to maintain and organize an inventory or devices that are being sold to the public. These devices include cell phones, tablets, computers, and a wide variety of accessories for the higher priced merchandise. Oracle keeps a count of the exact number of a particular product the department has. The products are organized in two categories. The first category is called serialized items which contains everything with a serial number. The serialized items are also the most expens ive items in the department.Of course all these items have a model name and number but in order to keep track, these items have sku number associated with them. The sku numbers in the serialized category all begin with a 6. This is a way to prevent confusion when it comes to what goes where. The second category is called non-serialized items which contains items without a serial number. These items are also assigned a sku number and these numbers begin with a 7 or a 4. The Oracle database is masked by the department’s point of sale system.This was designed so that there is a smooth communication between what is sold and what is still in inventory. The database system is a companywide used system and is also used to access inventories of various locations in order to transfer products back and forth. This helps when one location is out or has low quantities of a product and may need additional units. Of course there are times when all great database systems have issues that ma y affect the workplace. Because the Oracle database system runs behind OPUS which is the point of sale system it can affect potential sales within the organization.Serialized items cannot be sold when the database is down because the specific serial numbers must be removed from the system. Non-serialized items can continue to be sold because they are only counted by their sku only and there are not any specific serial numbers associated with those sku’s. A recommendation for improvement is to develop a backup database that will supplement when the main database crashes. By having this in place, it can improve the amount of down time that is associated with inventory count information.Businesses across the country are using databases to store company information and keep this information as organized as possible. Database applications have made this process easier by allowing these businesses to have access to the information they need daily. Though all businesses use database s for different reasons, databases are now a necessity for a successful organization to thrive in today’s business world. References Database. (2011). Webopedia. Retrieved from http://www. webopedia. com/TERM/D/database. html Database Application. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Database_application

Using the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court essays

Using the Federal Rehabilitation Act 1973 versus Americans with Disabilities Act in court essays In this instance, Lawyer Smart thinks it is unlikely that Mr. Ganizer could win a suit against the public university in question under the Americans with Disabilities Act because although the terms of the act requires employers to make reasonable accommodates to individuals with medical disabilities, the individual in question must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodations. What this means is that employers are not obligated to hire an individual if he or she cannot perform the skills needed to do the main parts of the job. Furthermore, the university is a public as well as a private institution, complicating the legal ramifications of the act. But a recent amendment, called Section 508, to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires that electronic and information technology developed, procured, maintained, or used by the Federal government be accessible to people with disabilities. This is one reason, besides the fact that the university receives federal funding, that lawyer Smart may think there is hope for winning a suite against the university under the Federal Rehabilitations Act of 1973. In this particular instance, no efforts were made by the registrar to make it easier for Mr. Ganizer to perform his actions necessary for the job through the use of technology. Given the 1973 law's recent change in 1998, it is likely that Mr. Ganizer's suite under the Federal Rehabilitations Act of 1973 will enable lawyer Smart to gain restitution for his client. Firstly, Ganizer's supervisors were made aware, early on, of his disability. Although Mr. Ganizer made a good faith effort to inform his employers of his disability, they did nothing to make it easier for him to perform his job to the best of his ability using informational technology available to the registrar. ...

beatles report essays

beatles report essays ?It Won't Be Long? by Lennon/McCartney It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) Note: parenthesis added to emphasize that the lyric is largely backup to main line It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) It won't be long yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah), yeah, (yeah) Now you?re coming, you?re coming home, You?re coming home, you?re coming home. Ev?ry night the tears come down from my eyes, Ev?ry day I?ve done nothing but cry. Now I know you won't leave me no more (mo) Chorus (?Till I belong to you?, is sung slowly with a pause before falsettoyou?, which is accompanied by descending chords on guitar for ajazzy? ending. It could be argued that it is a short coda.) This song presents a challenge as to identifying the parts of the song. It could easily be argued that the two lines that begin with,Ev?ry are the verses and the,yeah, yeah...? portion is a refrain with the other lyrics being the chorus. I feel however that the 'story? portion of the song begins withSince you left me It is odd that the verses would have identical lyrics, yet it is actually quite common to have repeating verses. Furthermore, I feel that the two lines, beginning withEv?ry?, are much more powerful as a refrain for they are shorter and lead into the chorus very well. Lastly, the chorus usually has thehook? or the part that everybody remembers. Theyeah, yeahs? offer such a melody and remain in one's mind long after the song is over. George and Paul's back up vocals add tremendous energy and help create movement in the song's slower sections. Even though they are singing they same lines as John, they act more like strings backing up they main melody. They offer a slightly contrasting melody that is resolved at the,You?...

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Coursework Example The histogram has got two peaks; therefore we can conclude it is bimodal. The data is not normally distributed, judging from the fact that the histogram is not bell shaped. If we disregard one of the peaks, say the one to the left since it does not have a lot of points around it, then the data would be extremely skewed to the left. From this histogram, we can observe that the mean lies between the two peaks, while the median lies much to the left. However, there appears to be no outliers in the data as none appear clearly on the histogram. The histogram is approximately bell shaped, which point to the fact that the data is approximately normally distributed. The existence of one peak shows that the data is uni-modal, while the median and mean lie around the peak. To the right of the histogram there appears several outliers (values largely spaced from the rest). For this data, the mean does not properly explain the histogram because of the bimodality feature of the data portrayed by the histogram. The standard deviation is fairly large, and equally fairly explains the great spread of values in the histogram. For this data, the mean lies around the peak of the histogram, and this is clearly around 20. The standard deviation is also small compared to the mean, and from the fact that the data are normally distributed , and most values close to the mean and the median, the low standard deviation is

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Review - Article Example For all those abroad and at home made uncomfortable by the far-reaching assertions of American power, it was a time of predictable aggravation (Brennan 1). Without shock, they heard an overconfident Republican president swearing to make his nation’s attackers pay, and appearing to pay no more attention to legal facts instead of a cowboy bent on an execution. Behind all these endeavors lie two solid questions left answered by Mr. Bush’s rallying call of 2001: whether the United States can lay claim to the lawful powers of a country waging war, or whether it is more just, wiser or more useful to murder or capture terrorists and militants bent on causing harm to the country. Such an article, if gone through by business leaders, would persuade them to invest in the United States since the article informs people how the nation has improved technologically (Brennan 1). The article supports Obama’s use of technology to bring prosperity to the United States, which is a good way of attracting investors to the

(Business Ethics) An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Performance Assignment

(Business Ethics) An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport - Assignment Example Other than this, the use of performance enhancement drugs also increased in sports mainly to reduce psychological dependency, stress and lack of confidence. As a result, the use of pharmacological drugs, hormones, anabolic steroids came into existence. Due to the presence of varied types of steroid and anabolic steroids, the performance and strength of the professional players increased but it hindered the qualities of fair play. Moreover, introduction of such type of performance enhancing drugs also reduced the features and natural qualities of athletes. Therefore due to the causes the ethical framework of sports changed from impartiality and objectivity to partiality and biasness. This paper mainly tries to highlight the issue, that whether the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports is ethical or not. In order to specify this concept, varied types of ethical theories are used like utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, theory of justice, rights, the challenge of normative ethical relativism. Dissatisfaction with performance and progress- in this age, the rate of use of anabolic drugs and steroids has increased in order to reduce the rate of dissatisfaction over his or her performance and progress. By doing so, the level of performance of the athletes increases resulting in amplification of their activities or actions. Due to which, the popularity and equity of the athlete as well as the nation also enhances to a significant extent as compared to many other nations. Psychological dependency: numerous athletes intake varied types of anabolic drugs or steroids due to psychological dependency. As a result, the inner strength and morale of the athletes reduces that declines the level of performance to a considerable extent. Wanting to attain a renowned position: in order to attain a renowned position just like numerous other experienced athletes, maximum extent of the new comers takes help of anabolic drugs or steroids in very low age

Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde Essay How do you think that Stevenson wishes us to judge Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde? I think that Stevenson wants the reader to feel that Jekyll gets what he deserves for releasing Hyde. Although I think that this is his overall intention, he gives Jekylls own justification for it, which dampens the blame from him slightly. However, the justification, when looked at more deeply, conveys another message from Stevenson, that Jekyll knows what he is doing and therefore commits a crime in releasing Hyde. Stevenson shows his feelings about Hyde and about Jekylls guilt by lavishing Hyde with horrible descriptions. These fall into four main categories, the darkness, the evil, the animal, and peoples reaction to Hyde. Firstly, whenever Hyde appears, it is always night or twilight showing that there is something dark and mysterious about him. Hydes eyes have a blackness in them which terrifies people. There are several references to fire and hell, suggesting that Hyde is a daemon, that has been released from hell. He is actually called, the child of hell meaning he is pure evil. Also, the fires can be interpreted as trying to ward off evil spirits, such as Hyde. Hydes soul is described as foul, and his character callous and violent. He is described as having Satans signature upon him, as if he has been made by the devil and sent up from hell. Hyde is also frequently compared to an animal. When people talk to Hyde he is savage like a wild animal and has a habit of hissing like a serpent. He is often replaced with it, suggesting that Hyde is an animal. Several times Hyde is actually referred to as the creature and his fury being ape-like. There is something primitive about him, something troglodytic. In even greater amounts, perhaps, are the reactions that people have when they come face to face with Hyde, and even from a distance. Every single person that has met him feels loathing and fear, and in some cases, a desire to kill, most people feel a simple hatred of him, yet none of them know why. The extent of this feeling is described as hitherto unknown disgust- absolutely appalling revulsion to him. There is something about Hyde that is not visible, that makes people react like this, described as the radiance of a foul soul. Many people search for a deformity in Hyde that is making them feel this way but fail to find it. Hyde has this aura of repulsion around him that makes any decent person draw back from him. When he touches Lanyons arm. Lanyon feels an icy pang that goes up his spine. Obviously, this is the height of Hydes effect, that when you touch him you shiver with discomfort. Perhaps the most startling aspect of Hyde is that when Jekyll showed Lanyon that he is, in fact, Hyde, Lanyon is so sickened by the thought of it that he becomes ill and dies in a few weeks. This shows absolutely that Jekyll does a terrible thing in unleashing Hyde, and actually telling somebody caused them to die, and Lanyon is one of Jekylls closest friends. These images are put into the story frequently, and the effect of this is to make the reader feel that Jekyll has released a being so foul that he deserves whatever punishment he got. And still Stevenson piles it on. He goes into horrific detail about Hyde brutally murdering Sir Danvers Carew, this is clear evidence that he wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his own experiments. Stevensons description of the murder is really over the top, it starts off with Hyde having an ill-contained impatience. Sir Danvers Carew is merely inquiring his way to Hyde when he broke out with a great flame of anger. Sir Danvers Carew is surprised by Hydes reaction and took a step back. At that moment though, Hyde snapped, he broke all bounds and starts trampling on him. With his stick he is hailing down a storm of blows, and Sir Danvers Carews bones are audibly shattered. Hyde then runs away, leaving the body incredibly mangled in the middle of the road. Hyde makes no attempt to conceal it, and the horrific details of the murder can only mean the Stevenson wishes us to judge Jekyll as responsible for such a crime. Even there Stevenson does not stop putting on more and more emphasis on the utterly diabolical nature of Hyde. In Dr Jekylls full statement of the case, he states that Hyde gets delight from every blow and runs away, gloating over his crime. Jekyll uses the word I, which is another of Stevensons ways of showing that he wishes us to think that Jekyll is directly responsible. In Jekylls justification of his actions, he mentions that he enjoyed the freedom that Hyde gave him. He fulfilled his pleasures (which are unspecified), and soon the pleasures turned from undignified to monstrous. When Jekyll remembered what he had done whilst in Hydes body he is aghast at himself. He refers to Hyde as me therefore showing that he is responsible because he did it. Jekyll became careless, and thought that nobody would trace him under his impenetrable mantle. Jekyll also tries to cover up Hydes activities by giving to charities and balancing it out. These two statements suggest that Jekyll knew that he is responsible because he is thinking about the possibility of him being caught. Jekyll also felt pity for Hyde, suggesting that he is not at all innocent. Jekyll pays for his crimes heavily though, and this is one of the very few times in the story when Stevenson releases Jekyll from the blame. Jekyll is put to considerable expense to pay for Hydes actions. When he tramples over the girl, he is forced to pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 to her parents. Not to mention the fact that he loses one of his closest friends by telling him and ends up committing suicide to pay for it. But I think that Stevenson wishes us to view even these with severity; firstly, Jekyll taunts Lanyon by bribing him with, power and knowledge, in such a way that Lanyon cannot have refused to know what Hydes secret is. On telling Lanyon, Lanyon dies. Jekyll wants to tell him about his experiments, he wanted to show off, and he insults Lanyon by referring to himself as his superior. Jekyll obviously enjoys being Hyde, because he suffers a horrible pain when he transforms into him, and would not bother to do it if he wanted to. Sometimes, Jekyll has to triple the dosage in order to transform, something that he wouldnt do unless he is willing to risk his life to transform. In conclusion, I think that judging from the amount of description that has been put into the Hyde, and the number of references to his joy at being evil, that it is fair to say that Stevenson wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his experiments and that he pays the price for it with his death.

Pro Legalization of Marijuana in the United States Essay -- essays res

With all of the complex issues facing the nation today, it seems as if the legalization of marijuana is being set on the back burner of legislation. There are so many opinions, sides, and overall arguments for and against it that many vote seeking politicians and policy makers have put up a strong resistance to this issue. In this paper I will illustrate the reasons why I think marijuana should indeed be legalized and also the arguments from people who disagree and feel that it should stay an illegal drug. Marijuana has been around for centuries. It comes from the species of plant Cannabis Sativa, and is used for things other that its renowned drug form, such as rope, clothing, medicines, and oils. Other common names for it include weed, pot, grass, reefer, and bud. The drug was actually not outlawed in the United States until the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937, which made the possession and sale of the plant illegal. A large part of the original fear and misrepresentation was due to ethnic and racial concerns of the southwestern U.S. Large immigrant populations moved into the area and introduced pot as a recreational drug, similar to the use of alcohol or tobacco. The xenophobic reaction caused the initial rejection of the drug and led to its outlaw in 1937. Since that time, government and society’s ignorance have kept the drug illegal. In a nutshell, there are many substantial reasons why the use of marijuana should be made a legal drug. Some of the reasons I will be discussing to support my argument are crime reduction, government benefits, medicinal benefits, lack of evidence to support harm, and constitutional rights. First and foremost is the issue of one’s constitutional right. Even if a drug is shown to be ha... ...here have been no recorded deaths as a result of marijuana use, unlike alcohol or tobacco, and most doctors will agree it is safer to use. Its recreational use would not stimulate more crime as some would try to argue. Marijuana being illegal essentially has no validity at all. So, because of all the positive aspects, marijuana should definitely be legalized in the U.S. Bibliography 1. Bonnie, Richard & Whitehead II, Charles H. â€Å"Marijuana Conviction: History of Marijuana Prohibition†. New York: Open Society Institute, 1999. 2. Bender, David. â€Å"Drug Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints†. New York: Green Press, 1994. 3. Goldberg, Raymond. â€Å"Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Drugs & Society†. New York: The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., 1993. 4. Randall, Robert. â€Å"Marijuana Rx: The Patients’ Fight for Medicinal Pot†. Thundermouth Press, 1998.