Stereotypes, Stereotyping and Ideals Essay - 5008 Words

Various sources indicate that female body images presented through models, mannequins, and even Barbie dolls are strikingly deviant from the actual female form. One such example occurs in the January 1998 issue of Marie Claire magazine, which states that the average American woman is 5’4† and a size 12. She has a 37-inch bust, a 29-inch waist, and 40-inch hips. A mannequin is 6 feet tall, a size 6, with measurements of 34-23-34. A life-size Barbie doll would be 7’2,† with bust, waist, and hip measurements of 40-22-36, respectively. A woman of these measurements would have to walk on all fours to balance her disproportionate body. Considering that Barbie’s physical characteristics are outrageous and ultimately unattainable, how has she come†¦show more content†¦The harmful implications of ongoing exposure to these unattainable ideals, such as low self-esteem, eating disorders, unhealthy body image, and increased acceptance of violence, make ur gent the need for change. How does a society go about changing such long-standing norms? In light of its pervasiveness and highly influential nature, the media may be the proper place to begin changing gender stereotypes. When considering issues of gender, one must first consider how and where differences in masculinity and femininity come about. Although masculinity and femininity are achieved through various actions, some attribute characteristics of gender to innate, biological criteria. David G. Myers comments on such attributions in â€Å"Social Psychology,† when he writes that â€Å"the persistence and omnipresence of gender stereotypes leads some evolutionary psychologists to believe they reflect innate, stable reality† (337). Anthropological and evolutionary studies show that even the earliest societies supported the same gender hierarchies as those evident in today’s culture, many of which are based on biology. Interestingly enough, studies show that males have consistently dominated such hierarchies. As S. Goldberg writes in â€Å"Feminism Against Science,† â€Å"[A]mong all the thousands of societies on which we have any sort of evidence, there have never been a ny Amazonian or matriarchal societies. The hierarchies of all societies have always been dominated by males† (4).Show MoreRelatedAnti Arab And Anti Muslim Stereotyping996 Words   |  4 Pagesand Anti-Muslim stereotyping by Mazin B. Qumsiyeh â€Å"Arabs in TV and movies are portrayed as either bombers, belly dancers, or billionaires in reference to Arab men being portrayed as terrorist or as wealthy oilmen and Arab women being portrayed as sex objects...these stereotypes don t only cause psychological harm (culture, insult) but also helps feed into actions that are physically harmful by dehumanizing a group first before attacking it.† Another example of negative stereotyping is the unfortunateRead MoreStereotypes Of Men And Women Should Act997 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics based on people that are different from them: culturally, racially, or even religiously. This is known as stereotyping. Many individuals will generalize a certain characteristic of a person, stereotyping the individual. Whether it is a friend or a stranger, it comes naturally. For example, there are many stereotypes about how men and women should act. These stereotypes tend to generalize certain characteristics of men and women. For example, men are perceived as aggressive and dominantRead MoreAd Analysis : Gap Kids1048 Words   |  5 Pagesgirls being obsessed with fashion, to boys only caring about sports, there is a huge gap in still rigid stereotypes. Society has worked to push into these ideals throughout their lives from childhood. It starts with pink for baby girls and blue for baby boys, and then escalates to the ideals of fashi on for teenage girls and sports for teenage boys. Advertising has a very sizeable effect on these ideals and how they impact society. How effective these advertisements are tends to depend on the usage ofRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their researchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 21 Jump Street Essay894 Words   |  4 Pageshigh school students. During their undercover investigation, they are in awe as they discover the extent of how stereotyping has changed from when they were high school students. However, it remains somewhat the same in the respect that stereotyping still defines everyone within the school. Many people have an oversimplified and erroneous view of a certain group of people. Stereotypes are typically associated with having negative connotations of a particular group of people. In many occasions, positiveRead More Media Stereotypes Essay examples1432 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Stereotypes â€Å"Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people—usually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation.† Stereotypes are deeply embedded in every society in numerous ways. The dictionaryRead MoreStereotyping, a Necessary Evil1372 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping, a Necessary Evil Society generates numerous stereotypes this is a fact. Stereotyping is seen in everyday life as well as the class room, work place and court room. As a member of society I engage in stereotyping, not to say I only judge and am judged by others, but I also create my own. Every man has a different path in life witch teaches him his own personal lessons that govern their life. My personal stereotypes are products of my experiences, which I use. Why Society embracesRead MoreGender Stereotyping Standards For Men And Women Across America909 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping sets standards for men and women across America, this being true for the past few hundred years. It is not secret that women are said to be most useful in the kitchen, and that men are to be found somewhere doing hard work, being the bread winner. Also, in the way we allow our young children to be identified; blue means it’s a boy, pink means it’s a girl. As times change, so does society and its m entality as a whole. Some stereotypes have been more difficult to break than othersRead MoreCommunication Between Cultures And Its Impact On Society1671 Words   |  7 Pageswhen they are first introduced to other. Although not always openly admitted or even consciously known, stereotypes can impact the way that people view one another. Stereotypes are not always negative in connotation, and can even help people deal with a very complex and dynamic world. However, just like the world is complex and dynamic, so are individuals within a culture. Overgeneralized stereotypes as well as blanket labels can never accurately define a person. It is necessary to look at not only culturalRead MoreGender Stereotyping Is A Pervasive Issue Across Different Countries And Cultures Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Gender Stereotypes are fixed assumptions about the traits of women and men, their capabilities, and how an individual should behave based on their gender. (Gender stereotype, n.d.alleydog.com) Gender stereotyping is a pervasive issue across different countries and cultures, whether acknowledged or not. The occurrence of stereotyping is usually based on the categorization of an individual as a member of a social group, the traits that are associated with this social group

Effective Communication At The Health And Social Care Sector

An effective communication takes an important part in the health and social care settings. Communication is the way how we express our own feelings and thoughts, giving and receiving with each other and what make us become independent through making choice and the ways we learn. Between analysing Alan’s case, this essay will demonstrate the importance of effective communication when working with diverse communities in health and social care sector. According to Brown (2015), an effective communication is the expand concept of the communication process to ensure the transmitted content between a conversation have been received clearly and assumed by each other in the most appropriate ways. The main goal in an effective communication is to achieve information, have a common concept and changing motivations. Communications can be easily affected by different barriers; for example, in Alan’s case includes the communication barriers of deficiency attention and the emotional barriers between the care workers which cause him feels unimportant and starts to lose his social strength, extent to his emotions of depression, anger and helplessness. Argyle (1972) ‘The Cycle of Communication’, is a communication theory that involves a two way process which a person tries to understand of the other person’s thoughts. Through ’The Cycle of Communication’, care workers having an individual one to one communication with Alan that includes message coded, received and understood from eachShow MoreRelatedManaging Entreprise On Health Care Sector1697 Words   |  7 Pages DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 MANAGING ENTREPRISE IN HEALTH CARE SECTOR Assignment 1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME LEADER: KAYLENE TRIBE Submitted by: Ligi Varghese- CIB00002LV (2B) Submitted on: 27-02-2015 Entrepreneurship is an important elementRead MoreM2, Review Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interactions.1676 Words   |  7 Pagesreview strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. D1, evaluate strategies used in health and social care to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Introduction There are many differing ideas on the best way to communicate in health and social care and there are many strategies used by the many differing professionals working in health and social care. This assignment willRead MoreAssignment : Personal And Professional Development Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1- Personal and Professional Development Current knowledge My current knowledge includes contemporary health care issues a few of these are- Fluoride in primary school- this is a local issue where fluoride is being put into primary school children’s milk, this is being introduced in the hope that it reduces tooth decay in young children. It is shown that 41% of 5 years in Blackpool have tooth decay; some parents are worried of the long term effects of drinking fluoride. Although this schemeRead MoreDiploma in Health and Social Care Level 3782 Words   |  4 PagesUnit Title: Unit sector reference: Level: Credit value: Guided learning hours: Unit accreditation number: Promote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings SHC 31 3 3 10 J/601/1434 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who work in health or social care settings or with children or young people in a wide range of settings. The unit introduces the central importance of communication in such settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individualRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfor educated nurses. Nurses is the first provider of health care, which delivers a high quality of care, safe environment, person-centred and focuses on the care of individuals, families and communities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes thatRead MoreImportance Of Entrepreneurship During The 21st Century Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades, the citizen sector has discovered what the industry learned long ago: Nothing is as powerful as a new idea in the hands of a first-class businessman. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to the most pressing social problems of the solutions of the company. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for big changes. Instead the social needs of the government or business sectors, finding the social partners, who are notRead MoreHnd Level 5- Unit 9 Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe design and review of services promote and maximises the rights of users of health and social care services 1.1 Explain how current legislation and sector skills standards influence organisational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services All health providers have the responsibility to work within a legal framework, this means that health care providers have the obligation to respect service users rights and treating themRead MoreRelationship Between Diverse Cultures And Values1550 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively, to ensure smooth operation within the organization. Therefore, this paper will discuss the relationship between diverse cultures and values, and communication, how national and organizational policies influence them and improvements that can be made; if any; to ultimately guarantee functionality to the maximum. 2.1 HOW THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY VALUES AND CULTURES. In light of global diversity trends and steady growth of diverse ethnicity experienced in East London and LondonRead MoreHealth Communication Strategies And Health Information Technology Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Health communication strategies and health information technology can be used to better population health outcomes, the quality of health care and to facilitate health equity. Health communication and health information technology are essential factors influencing health care, population health and how the society understands the medical care (In Nelson In Staggers, 2013). These aspects determine how people use health information and hence, they have a significant impact on the decisionsRead MoreSocial, Cultural And Historical Factors That Contributes Poor Communication1657 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is the process of passing information from the sender to the receiver, it involves the use of words in verbal and written forms as well as signs of body language such as facial expressions. It is vital in the healthcare sector as it aids in building intrapersonal, interpersonal and group relationships. It is very important that doctors and nurses have a clear understanding of how to communicate within the healthcare sector. Poor communication emerges when the information is relayed

Corporate Governance Essay Example For Students

Corporate Governance Essay CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘governance’ as ‘the act, manner, fact or function of governing, sway, control’. ‘To govern’ is ‘to rule with authority’, ’to exercise the function of government’, ‘to sway, rule, influence, regulate, determine’, ‘to conduct oneself in some way; curb, bridle (one’s passions, oneself)’, or ‘to constitute a law for’. Governing is, therefore, a whole range of actions, initiatives and response patterns from rule through influence to self-control and self-regulation. By inference it includes ‘driving’ as well as ‘steering’. Therefore, in seeking to define governance and the purpose it is to acheive, it is necessary to give adequate consideration to its antitheses – ‘freedom’ and ‘individualism’. Governance as such has been largely taken for granted in the past. Something that does not require a systematic and detailed analysis, ‘efforts’ or ‘commitment’ of resources. For most of human existence governance has been imposed on the majority by a small elite, this form of governance depended on curtailing the freedom of the ruled in order to maximize the power of the rulers. The monopolizing of power by rulers made it virtually impossible for defects in governance either to be recognized by the ruled or to be challenge d by them. Governance has gone by default since regimes did not share decisions with their subjects but left them to suffer the consequences of failure. In more recent times the growth of democracy together with the waning of communism and other extreme regimes has led to increasing concern at undue concentrations of power and its misuse. The loss or depreciation of long – accepted models has created intellectual turmoil and a search for better processes of governance. Thus emerged the modern concept of governance based on the foundation that untrammeled personal freedom is akin to lawlessness. Such an employment of personal freedom requires a strict internal discipline or self – governance that is rare. If we admit the concept of original sin, we are faced with the need for a code of morality and a process of self – governance. As Geoff Mulgan suggests ‘morality is a word that can be notoriously abused’. Thus making self – governance an imperfect art and a shaky foundation for the governance of ‘ groups ‘. As corporate’s realised this, new models of governance came to the fore. Muller defines governance thus: Governance is concerned with the intrinsic nature, purpose, integrity and identity of an institution with a primary focus on the entity’s relevance, continuity and fiduciary aspects. Thus Governance involves monitoring and overseeing strategic direction, socioeconomic and cultural contexts, externalities and constituencies of the institution. Thus, the primary goal of governance is making sure the right questions get asked at the right time, at the right place, ‘by’ the right persons, ‘to’ the right persons and in the right manner. It is not a coincidence that the worst corporate performers are the ones that had once been so securely on top that they stopped asking questions. Governance is usually delivered through an agreed constitution, through a complex web of customs and practices, underpinned by a shared system of ethics, to a range of stakeholders from the shareholder to the customer in that institution. Styles of governance vary depending on the nature and size of the body concerned. At one extreme is the rule-based style adopted by public sector bodies, which may be concerned with conformity rather than performance. At the other extreme are the churches and clubs where governance is based on trust. Most corporate bodies have an amalgam of both trust and rules in appropriate proportions. The Logic being that trust can only work with open governance. The basic prerequisite to achieving successful and effective governance is the establishment of certain criteria for systematic governance. As a minimum these are likely to be:1. the identity of the body2. definition of its purpose3. how the purpose is to be achieved4. membership criteria (both explicit, such as shared interests, and implicit for example shared values)5. how the body is to be administered6. how the body relates externally7. how success is measured8. termination arrangementIn practice the constitutional details of most organizations will be more complex , interrelated and overlapping, but the basic elements need to be present in order so as to permit the organisation to function. Thus once the foundation for governance has been laid it is very important to address the heart of the issue of governance, which is the tension between achieving the objectives of the organization and the fulfillment of the personal objectives of its members and other stakeholders. Every relationship between individuals requires some trade-off of their separate interests. In healthy relationships these trade-offs are negotiated openly, explicitly or tacitly, and the bargain is kept. Where the trade-offs are not recognised, or the bargain is imposed from one side or is undermined unilaterally by stealth, there can be no healthy relationship. This process is at the heart of governance. Stakeholding is, basically about ownership. In Company Law it belongs exclusively to ordinary shareholders; other classes of shareholder have lesser rights to reflect the lower risk attaching to their investment. But in an organisation ‘stakeholding‘ implies differently for different interest groups. For the directors it can be seen as the right to secure tenure and to deploy the company’s assets as they see fit. For employees it can be about having a safe job and prospects to advancement, which they may wish to protect by membership of trade unions. For customers it can be about the right to demand outstanding service for an economic price; for suppliers and distributors it can be about a stable and profitable trading relationship, for government it is about providing sufficient jobs and paying all dues and taxes without problems or delays. For competitors it is about sharing a marketplace and protecting it from new entrants. Bchs football EssayThe wider approach to corporate governance has been pioneered by the RSA enquiry into ‘Tomorrow’s Company’ and subsequent work to develop a broad strategic approach to corporate governance, involving stakeholder other than shareholders and the Board, which may be called ‘Inclusive Corporate Governance’.The work done has focused on principles as well as processes. The ‘Seven Principles of Public Life’ distilled by the review process are selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty and leadership. The greater complexity of business made it necessary to bring specific skills to the board table and executive directors had to be given wider discretion in order to direct the company. This enabled many boards to concentrate control in their hands, leaving stakeholders to act as mere profit takers. The rapid expansion and progressive integration of businesses into larger groups led to a diminution in the power of the holding company boards, who were forced to give greater discretion to the managers of business units in order to maintain the impetus of growth. Carl Icahn, T. Boone Pickens and Lord Hanson. These were the first people to dissect living companies and find ‘breakup value’ within them. They developed techniques such as ‘Shareholder Value Analysis’ (SVA) which later evolved into ‘Economic Value Added Analysis’, known as EVA.The use of SVA and EVA techniques has not only helped to restructure businesses but has enabled clear profit and investment targets to be driven down to the lowest operating levels. This strengthens the hand of group directors in the strategic management process and makes it easier to manage reward systems throughout the group. The role of international law in effecting governance across boundaries has grown steadily, with the increasing globalization of trade in goods and services. The legal structure pivots on The International Court in the Hague for disputes between states, with criminal cases being brought to special tribunals. Countries individually have various acts such as The Companies Act , 1956 and the Income Tax Act have been formulated by our government for effective governance. A new technique which has emerged as a result of growing business empires is based upon a very important paradox in the struggle between integration and devolution. Larger units are expected to be more economic and more homogeneous. Much of the reality of larger units is that they become more bureaucratic and internecine. The United Nations is an excellent example of this phenomenon; the World Bank has degraded in a similar fashion. To an increasing degree the world’s largest companies have restructured themselves to achieve internal devolution. The bottom line of organisations being : â€Å"We are not a global business. We are a collection of local businesses with intense global coordination†. As Jack Welch, CEO of GE very aptly quotes: ‘What we are trying relentlessly to do is to get that small company soul and small company speed – inside a big company body’. Issues of corporate governance have been addressed largely from a standpoint of improving controls and board processes rather than from a conviction that continuous improvement in governance can be a powerful competitive weapon. There lie a number of opportunities for better corporate governance which may include:? A convergence of governance criteria with the public sector to reflect a more integrated modern world;? The change to reach beyond the shareholder/board of directors relationship to include customers, employees, suppliers and other who deliver results for the company;? The chance to use good governance to build competitive advantage in the long-term;? The chance to widen stewardship to build a platform for a long-term sustainable growth of profits. ? The responsibilities of executive and non-executive directors for reviewing and reporting on performance to shareholders and other financially interested parties; and the frequency, clarity and form in which information should be provided;? The case of audit committees of the board, including their composition and role;? The principal responsibilities of auditors and the extent the value of the audit;? The links between shareholders, boards and auditors;? Traditionally, a company’s directors have been tasked with the role of choosing and monitoring its managers. But this is a moot exercise unless the directors also have the power to effect change. Directors should go beyond a basic â€Å"watchdog† role, to foster effective policies and act in a strategic capacity. Ideally, directors should have a recognized role in governing the corporation. Companies are increasingly reliant on the wider community which surrounds them, which in turn needs the support and resources which few others apart from companies can give. This is a stakeholding relationship which good governance needs to recognise and which can make a company distinctive to those who deal with it. Companies which share values with their wider communities are likely to generate sustainable profitability to share with them also.New structures are needed to reflect new and more complex relationships. Today, at the close of the century, corporate governance is still an important tool for monitoring performance and enhancing value even though the ultimate shape of this tool is in the process of being forged. Business

The Byzantine Empire Essay Example For Students

The Byzantine Empire Essay The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, the survivor of the Roman empire, flourished intothe oldest and longest lasting empire in our history. It began with Constantinethe Greats triumph of Christianity. He then transferred his capital from Rometo the refounded Byzantium in the early 4th century, year 330 AD, and named itConstantinople after himself. This city became the surviving safe spot afterthe breakup of the Western Roman empire by the 5th century. It was by far thelargest and richest city in Christendom during the Middle Ages with a populationof about one million people. (Encarta)Constantine the Great had established a criterion for the empire tofollow throughout its history. It included the harmony of the church, theleaders and the teachers of the empire. Constantine created a successful newmonetary system based on the gold solidus, or nomisma which lasted well into themiddle of the 11th century. Because of the commercial thriving throughout the4th, 5th, and 6th centuries, many ancient cities flourished. Large estatesdominated agriculture which continued to be fruitful in spite of the heavytaxation causing an abandonment of land. From the beginning to the end of theByzantine empire, the church and the emperor had been the largest landholders,therefore being the largest profiteers of Byzantine. (Encarta)After the Roman empire fell in 476 AD, Byzantine conquered all. It tookover the space of southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeastcorner of Africa. The present day countries in these areas include the BalkanPeninsula, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and Egypt. This large empire known asByzantine didnt get called Byzantine until scholars named it. The people ofthat time were not thought of as Byzantines but as Romans who lived a Romanlifestyle. Byzantine had been started and ruled by an emperor without anyformal constitution. It slowly formed a similar establishment of late Romaninstitutions. Byzantine followed the Romans orthodox Christianity as well. Thepredominant language of this era was Greek, although some subjects spoke Latin,Coptic, and Armenian. (Great Ages)The Greek language led to a Greek culture. The Byzantine empire stoodout for their Christian religion and their expression of it in their artwork. We will write a custom essay on The Byzantine Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These Romans carved exquisite ivories, illuminated manuscripts, and formedmosaics out of glass and stone. Mosaics were pictures formed from these objectswith the intent to stimulate profound religious thought. The mood of thesemosaics was always honoring and respectful of Christianity and its components. Another form of Christian expression was in the form of icons. These were partsof the Gospel played out into visual pictures. The icons portrayed prayers,hymns, and sermons in color. These too created a reverence for worshippers tofollow. That was the first goal of icons. The second goal was to form anexistential link between themselves as worshippers and God. These are only afew ways that Byzantines use art as a part of their religion. (Great Ages)Religion was a great part of the Byzantine empire. To form a biggerChristian kingdom, Christian Justinian the first attempted to bring the west andeast Byzantine empires together in 527 AD Justinian became the second emperorof Byzantine at that time. Him and his wife, Theodora, set a goal to restorethe former majesty. (Oxford History) They wanted to improve the intellectualquality and their geographical limits of the Roman Empire. At a great cost,they reconquered North Africa, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and parts of Spain. This was part of the reason the Byzantine empire fell. Justinian and Theodora,with substantial expenses, induced in fabricating public buildings and churches. .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .postImageUrl , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:visited , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:active { border:0!important; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:active , .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4 .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua011e4c90623caf5f26d5ab41603f5a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The American Dream EssayOne of these famous churches was the Hagia Sophia, Church of the Holy Wisdom, inConstantinople. After spending so much of the Byzantines money, the empire wasoverstrained when finally their resources ran dry. Along with that problem,plagues crossed the nation and reduced the Byzantine population. (Encarta)To fight the rundown of the Byzantine nation, they transformed theirarmies into an elite expeditionary guard called tagmata and army corps labeledthemes or themata. Each of these were commanded by a strategos or general whoacquired civil and military authority of his army district. Thematic armiesbecame army corps districts whose soldiers acquired tax-exempt lands, preservingthe core of the empire while avoiding the incriminating drain of cash that hadoverstrained the salaried armies of the period before the Arab invasions. (Encarta)Finally, the invasions began. Byzantine was able to defend itselfagainst Germanic and Hunnic raids in the 5th and 6th centuries. They were alsoable to stabilize a reasonably