Rhetorical Strategies For Technical Communication - 936 Words

Rhetorical Strategies Although both of the journal covers share a collaborative perspective on the future of technical communication, they feature distinctively different images, fonts, color schemes, and layouts that are the result of two different rhetorical approaches to the theme of â€Å"The Future of Technical Communication.† Journal Cover 1: â€Å"Time to Solve the Puzzle† The first journal cover, entitled â€Å"Time to Solve the Puzzle,† was designed in order to express that the future of technical communication depends on the contribution of knowledge from all people who are involved with the field of technical communication, whether they are a technical communicator or an employer of one. It is meant to convey urgency to all of the people mentioned above in the Audience section, my anticipated viewers of the Technical Communication journal. The idea is that all of these people individually possess some knowledge (represented by the puzzle pieces) that will be combined with the knowledge of others, which when brought together, as a whole will determine the specifics of the future of the technical communication field. In essence, I wanted to express that the future of the technical communication field can take on whatever form those associated with it desire it to, but in order for it to meet their desires, they must begin to collectively think of its future now. The cover features a futuristic themed title with beveled and embossed font centered at the top. I chose the specificShow MoreRelated The Study of Rhetoric Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesthe subject matter. These abilities require higher-level thinking, not just skills; analysis and evaluation, not just observation . . . . 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Brown, Prevalence and Effectiveness of Self-Regulatory Techniques Used to Avoid Drunk Driving, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Volume 20, No. 1, 1997, and Elissavet Liourta and Pepijn Van Empelen, The importance of self-regulatory and goal-conflictingRead MoreCrime Scene Investigator Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific instrumentality to gather and analyze proof. Maintaining and repairing scientific instrumentality. Testifying in court concerning collected proof. Transporting physical proof to the rhetorical laboratory. against the law scene investigator is termed upon to utilize scientific information and technical experience to judge the crime scene while not destroying proof. 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Larry Page the founding CEO grew the company to over 200 employees and profitabilityRead MoreConstructing The Smart Cities - The Design Perspective1534 Words   |  7 PagesHumanity has officially become an urban species with more than half of the global population living in urban areas, and this would increase to 70% by 2050 (Gruen, 2013). To response the living condition, smart city has been touted as a vanguard of strategies for urban development and regeneration. There exists some cities a re over age world, while some of them seem immoderately technocratic and instrumental, as they have been envisaged only from a technological standpoint in recent years. IndeedRead MoreThe Energy And Environmental Design System2055 Words   |  9 Pagessustainable architecture is not an easy process. Specifically, what role can technical communicators in marketing play in convincing clients to adopt these methods? The purpose of this research study is to investigate the marketing of sustainable buildings to recommend best practices for other marketing professionals. As a researcher and advocate for sustainable design, the aim of my research is to articulate a clear approach technical communicators can utilize to create effective materials with lastingRead MoreWhy Are University Writing Courses Required For College Students?2789 Words   |  12 Pagesand analysis. Besides fostering engagement, first year writing also enhances rhetorical knowledge. This occurs through the constant attention to the processes of writing. It also helps to develop people skills, another key aspect within the professional world. People skills are developed through the relationships developed between the instructors and students. Feedback and active learning help to strengthen communication skills within research and writing. The University writing style promotesRead MorePlato and Aristotles Impact on Rhetoric1503 Words   |  7 Pagesof art. He finds that rhetoricians use this tactic to distort truth. In Gorgias, he argues for an ethical rhetoric, one that’s center is truth. Plato believes rhetoric is not an effective method of communication, especially compared to dialectic practice. In this dialogue he criticizes the rhetorical and political power influence of the Sophists. He says that â€Å"only the dialectic allows man to gravitate toward a highe r understanding of Ideas and Forms† (McAdon 29). In Gorgias, he argues that politics

Cooperative Method of Teaching Maths - 1131 Words

USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING TO FACILITATE THE EDUCATION OF LIBERIA’S YOUTH IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM INTRODUCTION With the ending of the war in Liberia, the transitional period of an interim government, and the election of a new leader to carry the country into the new millennium, a new chapter has begun in the continuing history of the Liberian people. One would hope that the process of nation building is in full swing and all endeavors are underway to bring Liberia back to a state of normalcy, out of the darkness of despair and hopelessness that had engulfed the country for the past fifteen years. One of the most important focus of this building process should be the youth of the nation. A sound investment in the future of Liberia must†¦show more content†¦It involves small groups of learners working together as teams to solve problems, complete a task, or accomplish common goals. The small group of learners must promote each other’s learning, must promote each other’s success, and hold each other personally and individually accountable to do his or her fair share of the work [4]. First, group members must perceive that they are part of a team and that they all have a common goal. Second, group members must realize that the problem they will solve is a group problem and that all members will share the group’s success or failure. Third, to accomplish the group’s goal, all students must talk with one another---to discuss all problems. Finally, it must be clear to all that each member’s individual work has a direct effect on the group’s success. Teamwork is important. It is not cooperation learning if students sit together in groups and work on problems individually. It is not cooperative learning if students sit together in groups and let one person do all the work and the others just put their names on the final product. It is not cooperative learning if students do a task individually with instructions that the ones who finish first are to help the slower students. In the real world, most practical problems are addressed by groups, committees and organizations, ratherShow MoreRelatedMethods Of Instruction And Their Influence On Diverse Students1522 Words   |  7 Pages The Study of Methods of Instruction and Their Influence on Diverse Students’ Test Scores Is there a correlation between test scores and methods of teaching for students based on gender, race, or economics? By Monica Ross July 29, 2016 Introduction to Statistics and Research Arkansas State University Abstract It is of utmost importance to the Harmony Creek Middle School that they conduct research into how their students are learning in different classrooms. 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The threeRead MoreHow Cooperative Learning Impacts Higher Order And Critical Thinking Skills And Student Achievement863 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge this researcher faces lies in the structure of a particular Accelerated Math II (10th Grade) curriculum at Lucy C. Laney High School in Augusta, Georgia, in which all students enrolled in the course have to be proficient in all areas of the curriculum. The researcher has observed very little higher order/critical thinking and problem solving and low motivation/morale which may impact student performance in the math course. 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As a teacher, I will be able to fulfill my aspirations; both my students and I will learn together and from one another. I feel that it is important for me, as a teacher, to stay current and deepen my understandingRead MoreWhy Math Is Important For Teaching Mathematics And How Students Learn Mathematics870 Words   |  4 PagesMath Philosophy Paper Math is developing concepts or standards that’s important for teaching mathematics to students from Pre-K to high school. In our changing world, those who understand and can do mathematics will have significant opportunities and options for shaping their future. (NCTM 2000, p.50). The two important tools to be an effective teacher is knowledge of mathematics and how students learn mathematics. The purposes of math education effect our life since the time we were ableRead MoreImpact Of Cooperative Grouping On Low Achieving Sixth Grade Math Students2270 Words   |  10 PagesImpact of Cooperative Grouping on Low-Achieving Sixth Grade Math Students Stacy Rogers Arkansas Tech University â€Æ' Impact of Cooperative Grouping on Low Achieving Sixth Grade Math Students Chapter 1 Middle school math teachers, as well as all grade-level math teachers, are constantly searching for ways to help their students achieve mathematic success. Students come to classrooms from all backgrounds and each student has a completely different learning style - differentiated instruction is crucialRead MoreEssay about Algebra Tiles and the FOIL Method1605 Words   |  7 PagesAlgebra Tiles and the FOIL Method Algebra is one of the most critical classes a mathematics student takes. In this crucial course, the student must make the jump from concrete numbers and operations to variables and uncertainty. Unfortunately, this area of mathematics is where most students lose interest in mathematics because the concepts become too abstract. The abstractness frightens students and this fear is where the typical â€Å"I hate math† attitude comes from. Educators need to be aware of

Don Quixote Essay Research Paper Cervantes free essay sample

Don Quixote Essay, Research Paper Cervantes # 8217 ; greatest work, Don Quixote, is an astonishing lampoon with a realistic thought. Don Quixote is a state gentleman, an enthusiastic visionary crazed by his reading of love affairs of gallantry, who rides Forth to support the laden and to right wrongs. The subject of the book, in brief, concerns Hidalgo Alonso Quijano, who, because of his reading in books about gallantry, comes to believe that everything they say is true and decides to go a knight-errant himself. He assumes the name of Don Quixote de la Mancha and, accompanied by a provincial, Sancho Panza, who serves him as a squire, sets forth in hunt of escapades. Don Quixote interprets all that he encounters in conformity with his readings and therefore imagines himself to be populating in a universe rather different from the one familiar to the ordinary work forces he meets. Windmills are therefore transformed into giants, and this semblance, together with many others, is the footing for the whippings and mishap s suffered by the audacious hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Don Quixote Essay Research Paper Cervantes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the knight # 8217 ; s 2nd sally in hunt of escapade, friends and neighbours in his small town decide to coerce him to bury his wild illusion and to reintegrate himself into his former life. The # 8220 ; knight # 8221 ; insists upon following his naming, but at the terminal of the first portion of the book they make him return to his place by agencies of a sly ploy. In the 2nd portion the hidalgo leaves for the 3rd clip and alternately gives indicant of folly and of Wisconsin dom in a eye-popping array of artistic innovations. But now even his enemies force him to abandon his enterprises. Don Quixote eventually recognizes that love affairs of gallantry are mere lying innovations, but upon retrieving the lucidity of his head, he loses his life. This thought is really realistic because of its modern twenty-four hours deductions. It tells who becomes bored with his life and experiences a midlife crisis. He enjoys reading about gallantry and finds the thought so absorbing that he decides that he wants to see it himself. Don Quixote is a character that is a portion of all of us. Everybody has dreams like his of going a knight. Everybody at has capricious fantasy much like he does. The lone differences between Don Quixote and the remainder of us is that he a much more graphic imaginativeness and he desires a alteration in his life. Throughout the book it may look as though Sancho Panza is a unusually faithful and trusty friend to Don Quixote but it seems to me that he is truly an immoral gourmand. The lone ground he becomes Don Quixote # 8217 ; s squire is because he is promised wealths. The book Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is a freakish narrative of an older adult male # 8217 ; s quest to go a knight. Outfitted in such absurd cogwheel as a pail for a helmet and dubbed knight by an host the old adult male sets out with his squire and has many amusing escapades. All of this makes for an entertaining journey throughout 17th century Spain.

Commodification of Human Life in Modern Society Essay Example

Commodification of Human Life in Modern Society Essay Commodification of Human Life: In Modern Society Assignment 2: Question 2 SOC 440: Sociological Theory Fall 2013 By: Emma Wright Question: Chapter 6 in the Hurst book (Living Theory) focuses on the commodification of Human Life in Modern Society. Examine the key areas of commodification that are discussed in the book and discuss them in terms of how society influence and/or determine our human behavior, and how in turn the individual behavior influences society. This morning I woke up earlier than usual so that I could enjoy some peace and quiet before I started my day. I made some coffee and watched the news thinking in the back of my mind that I needed to shower and fgure out what I wanted to wear to school. Although I would love to stay in my sweatpants and tee shirt, I realized that I would feel much better about myself if I wore something more presentable. But really why should I wear something nice? Why should I put make-up on? Who cares if I am in sweatpants or if I am wearing Jeans? All of those thoughts ran through my neaa ana I came toa conclusion tnat I typlcally Teel netter aoout myselT wnen I Know that others are viewing me the way I want them to view me! We will write a custom essay sample on Commodification of Human Life in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Commodification of Human Life in Modern Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Commodification of Human Life in Modern Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Subsequently, Hurst ums this up by saying that the worth of individuals is generally measured in terms of their social and economic success and the lifestyle they present to the rest of society. The influences of society determined my behavior and my personal outlook on how I wanted to be viewed by others. There are three main areas of focus that will give clarity to the understanding of how modern society influences and/or determines our human behavior. And in turn how we as individuals influence the society as well. First area Hurst speaks of is the superficial self and how the image of the body in modern society has evolved into a hysical and emotional roller coaster! Creating a positive self-image is hard to maintain because the society has placed a vision of the ideal version of beauty. Today men and women are constantly focused on how to stay on beat with the latest fashion, behavioral trends, etc. During the 1980s women were sought to have this image that beauty included strength and thinness. Over time, the perception of being very thin has qualified as being beautiful. Class and economic status also plays a role in how society influences our behaviors. Depending on the lifestyle you chose to live, you are expected to act and eact in a certain manor. Being sensitive on how to present oneself also involves controlling the other physical aspects of the behavior. Basically what is happening in this case, as Hochschild explains it, is that the emotions and feelings, rather than being ways to find out about oneself, become a commercial resource used to satisfy customers. The superficial self is Hurst way of describing how society has influenced us to place certain expectations and behaviors on what the ideal image of beauty truly is. Society influences us first handedly through commodities, such as celebrities. The world of celebrities has greatly evolved the value of human life. The commercial sport industry seeks to organize events on strict market principles, mainly through the pursuit of capital accumulation, rather than the satisfaction of individual personal and social needs. In a broad sense, celebrities are a social creations. World celebrities set many standards by which society feels they must follow. The physical and emotional attributes that celebrities pursue shape our daily social influences. This idea that celebrities live such a wonderful, successful, and plentiful lifestyle play uch an empowering behavior and mindset to the U. S. society. We must try to live up to those standards in order to fit in as most of the U. S. population would feel. The admiring identification with celebrities not only makes them seem different or even better than us but it also reinforces celebrities as a center of cultural capital in our society. Our influences and feedback towards the world of celebrities affects their behaviors as well. They will continue to climb the totem pole as long as we will show positive emotion towards their lifestyle. And the reverse is the same; in he sense that we as a society feel that it is necessary to mock the celebrities in order to fit in a certain crowd. Weber supports this by saying, the task of the acting, willing person: he weighs and chooses from among the values involved according to his own conscience and his personal view of the world. Which is the act of choice itself is his own responsibility. Although society evolves through patterns of behavior, our minds wlll only allow us to Tollow tnose IT we consciously agree wit n tne actions on nana. This shows us how the value of human life is not always as it seems. Weber was very clear in his view that the rational institutions of modern life cannot provide us with a set of ultimate values by which to organize our lives. The more absolu te the values and the more determined the individuals wish to enact upon them, then more the individual will devote themselves to fulfilling that view. Values are critical because they give direction and meaning to life, which provides worth to our lives. Weber believes that human life is a value in itself is becoming less important. Since the early 1980s, the value of human life has been defined economically rather than socially, religiously and so forth. Simmel on the other hand, suggests that money becomes a universal standard in which qualitative differences between objects are erased. I agree with Simmel in this point of view because society has influenced individuals into believing what their own personal worth is. Sadly enough, we can never be satisfied with Just being able enjoy the value of human life. As the population increases, the value of human life will continue to decrease based on the patterns of life. We are influenced daily by the demands and expectations of the world to act and dress a certain way in order to eceive the benefits we desire. Even within the United States, the value placed on human life appears to depend on the social status of the victims involved. That belief influences individuals to desire a level of gratitude that they wish to live for. There is an inner motivation that drives each behavior to respond in the way that it does. As I spoke before, I chose to wear nice clothes and put make-up on because I want to live up to the social status that I live in now and desire to be a part of in the future. I am motivated to make certain decisions in hopes to benefit from them later. The commodifications of human life are existing throughout every behavior preformed. Patterns evolve over time which give us meaning in how we will perceive things. Social status and economy will always influence society in how we chose to live. Those statements are broad but can be simplified easily; by knowing that society influences us to value our life accordingly to the perception of what is acceptable. OUTLINE Intro My application of how society influences me on a daily basis I ne supernclal selT Three key elements: the superficial self, the world of celebrities, the value of human life Maintaining a positive self- image Modern societies view of beauty Influences of personal behaviors based on societal expectations The world of celebrities Basic understandings of how celebrities shape our societies view on the good life More about social status rather than personal fulfillment We tend to live our lives in mockery of celebrities behaviors in order to stay on beat with the evolving world. center of cultural capital The value of human life Webers view on rational institutions Diminishing importance of life throughout society My agreement with Simmels point of view Our dependency of living a life in monetary value

Free Essays on Sonic Case Study

Executive Summary Beginning with one restaurant, Sonic has become the largest drive-in chain in the United States. While they are smaller than their competitors, they are still leading in sales growth, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. Sonic restaurants saturate the southern U.S. This gives them the opportunity to expand to other area. However, Sonic is reluctant due to the colder climates and their basis as a drive-in restaurant. Sonic should look at adding or combining capabilities to it’s restaurants to increase competitiveness and make it easier for them to expand into other areas without limiting themselves. Situational Analysis In 1953, Troy Smith, the founder of SONIC and World War II veteran, was living in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Troy dreamed of owning his own restaurant business. In fact, he had already tried twice. Troy first owned a small diner called the Cottage Cafà ©. The income he received was barely enough to make a living for himself and his family. Troy sold the Cottage Cafà © and bought a bigger restaurant. His next business, the Panful of Chicken, was so successful that he tried opening more. Unfortunately, fried chicken didn't do well in early 1950s Oklahoma and Troy closed his Panful of Chicken restaurant. Troy then owned a steak house that had a root beer stand attached. This root beer stand, called The Top Hat proved more profitable and eventually outlasted the steak house. While traveling to Louisiana, Troy saw some homemade intercom speakers in use at a local hamburger stand. He contacted the innovator in Louisiana and asked him to make an intercom for the Top Hat. He then hired some local electronics wizards to install the system. He then added a canopy for cars to park under and servers to deliver the food right to customers’ cars. During the first week after the intercom was installed, the Top Hat took in $1750. With his new partner, Charlie Pa... Free Essays on Sonic Case Study Free Essays on Sonic Case Study Executive Summary Beginning with one restaurant, Sonic has become the largest drive-in chain in the United States. While they are smaller than their competitors, they are still leading in sales growth, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. Sonic restaurants saturate the southern U.S. This gives them the opportunity to expand to other area. However, Sonic is reluctant due to the colder climates and their basis as a drive-in restaurant. Sonic should look at adding or combining capabilities to it’s restaurants to increase competitiveness and make it easier for them to expand into other areas without limiting themselves. Situational Analysis In 1953, Troy Smith, the founder of SONIC and World War II veteran, was living in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Troy dreamed of owning his own restaurant business. In fact, he had already tried twice. Troy first owned a small diner called the Cottage Cafà ©. The income he received was barely enough to make a living for himself and his family. Troy sold the Cottage Cafà © and bought a bigger restaurant. His next business, the Panful of Chicken, was so successful that he tried opening more. Unfortunately, fried chicken didn't do well in early 1950s Oklahoma and Troy closed his Panful of Chicken restaurant. Troy then owned a steak house that had a root beer stand attached. This root beer stand, called The Top Hat proved more profitable and eventually outlasted the steak house. While traveling to Louisiana, Troy saw some homemade intercom speakers in use at a local hamburger stand. He contacted the innovator in Louisiana and asked him to make an intercom for the Top Hat. He then hired some local electronics wizards to install the system. He then added a canopy for cars to park under and servers to deliver the food right to customers’ cars. During the first week after the intercom was installed, the Top Hat took in $1750. With his new partner, Charlie Pa...

Choose a current trend and explain your opinion about it. The trend Essay

Choose a current trend and explain your opinion about it. The trend can be of any category, and your opinion should be clearly - Essay Example The accessibility of online dating sites are masking more sensitive issues in the society, and thus, restrictions in the member's age, purpose of signing in, and advertisements posted through a reviewed dating site rules and possibly, government intervention. Audience of Internet Dating Dating sites could provoke more sensitive issues prevailing in the society. As more people are provided with easier access to the internet, the more chances there is that discrimination would happen, may it be racial or physical. Furthermore, sexual partners from the internet, with an emphasis to those who engage to casual sex, may be an accepted societal notion and thus will have more effects towards other sectors particularly reproductive health. It is much to the interest of the dating site users which this paper explores since it deliberates on impact of such activity in a broader sense. International Marriages Through Online Dating and Its Underlying Social Implications It must be exciting to thi nk that dating sites are expanding the user’s thoughts about racial identity. In the varied selection of potential mates, Caucasians, Black Americans, Asians and all others are not classified. In other words, the internet seems to have more room of racial acceptance than racial discrimination. However, what Warchaur found out could be intriguingly opposite to this notion. According to Turkle, â€Å"interracial marriages make racial identity more subjective and multiple; the anonymous, multi-channeled communication facilitated by the Internet deepens this trend toward multiple subjective identity† (qtd. in Warchaur). In other words, the anonymity of the dating sites members would reject possible personal differences and their attitudes would be completely relying on their race. Although the internet can be a good venue for true globalization to prosper, the dating site users are not spared from subjective generalization of their race. A member may have filled out their profile honestly, but this does not mean that members as such comprise 100% of the site. The truth is, there are members who lie, and this thought is so common that no matter how well-written the profile information is, the racial background still counts (e.g. Black Americans are stereotyped as violent). Because of existing racial stereotypes and the inaccessibility of face to face encounter, dating sites are prone to discrimination. Attractiveness is also a major issue internet dating rather than focusing on abstract qualities of a person. In a research conducted by Hitsch, Hortacsu, and Ariely with internet dating site users in the United States, the attractive mate prospects get the most number of replies and views than their less physically attractive counterparts. Electronic mail responses are more frequent to physically attractive members (16). As expected, physically attractive men and women are very selective in their potential partners in the dating sites. While 40% of aver age men gets responses from average women, the contrast is true for attractive men and women. It has been found out that least attractive members are â€Å"2-4 times more likely to send a first-contact e-mail to a man than the most attractive women† (17). Racial issues, sexual abuse, and self-esteem are at stake in the growing trend of e-dating. If the restrictions should be out of hand, then the users are in danger of suffering these consequences. The leniency of the government when it comes to internet control could have been the main culprit of this

Critical Evaluation of the 3 School of Thought on Innovation and Essay

Critical Evaluation of the 3 School of Thought on Innovation and Services - Essay Example Furthermore, the manufacturing sectors have been vital for several economists as it has been the foundation stone for the understanding of the process of innovation and its economic implications (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 141-142, 2008). The learning and understanding of service innovation, on the other hand, have now become an opportunity for scholars where they can widen and enlarge their knowledge of an incorporated account of innovation and its entire process that applies to services as well as manufacturing. However, several prime issues and debates have been a significant part of the research for different schools of thoughts that have erupted and fumed in the literature of the service innovation over the past couple of years. According to one school of thought, the discussion and argument revolved around the subject matter that portrayed the potentials of innovation in services in contrast to the manufacturing along with its implication in the growth of the economy and employment (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 141-142, 2008). According to the viewpoint of few scholars, the subject matter of innovation in the service sector is a concern that has gained significant importance over the period of instance. Moreover, the empirical and theoretical studies have contributed to great deal in determining the substance of innovation that plays a prominent role in the service activities in productive systems. In addition, these scholars also exhibit the piece if information that building or defining a definition of innovation on a general basis is fundamental and essential as it would create the perceptive and awareness of the concepts and dynamics of innovation in both sectors comprising service and manufacturing (Gallouj & Weinstein, pp. 537-538, 1997). The research has proved that the concept of innovation in services dates back to several centuries that have come under rematerializing few times. In fact, the arguments and discussions then focused around the alleged assimi lation, demarcation, and synthesis discussion. According to the assimilation standpoint, the service activities and manufacturing activities possess the similar functions on whole, and thus the theories and experimental or observed indicators are applicable to the services in the same way that have primarily and initially come under development for the manufacturing. According to some beliefs, it has also come under view that services in innovation are just the consequence of change that occurs due to dispersion of innovation (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 142-143, 2008). However, the demarcation perspective is the antipode or reversal of assimilation, which states that service-specific forms of innovation exist. Furthermore, the organizational importance has been the key point of prominence with product and process innovation in services. Indeed according to the scholars who believe in this view strongly argues that various forms of innovations are service specific, therefore, it is criti cal and crucial to have exclusively new theories of innovation that must be service specific in order to have a clear understanding of the nature and motion of innovation in services (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 143-144, 2008). Lastly, the synthesis viewpoint â€Å"seeks to take the recent insights of demarcation writers and to integrate these within insights gained in manufacturing